Table 2.

Effect of smoking on vascular status, SpO₂ and stress.

Variables	Non-smoking group (n=37)		p	Smoking group (n=29)		p	Pre-test – Post-test		p
	Pre test M ±SD	Post test M ±SD		Pre test M ±SD	Post test M ±SD		Non-smoking M ±SD	Smoking M ±SD
BVOP	−70.00±11.10	−71.79±18.63	.481	−69.43±13.04	−61.27±16.02	.001	1.79±15.30	−8.16±12.11	.004
BVT	−17.56±13.41	−15.16±7.90	.273	−23.17±12.68	−24.15±13.13	.710	−2.39±13.07	0.98±13.98	.317
RBV	−39.45±13.62	−36.35±12.41	.074	−38.77±15.76	−45.76±12.77	.012	−3.10±10.24	6.99±13.99	.001
BVAL	3.49±1.02	3.32±1.08	.394	3.79±1.32	4.72±1.79	.001	0.16±1.14	−0.93±1.41	.001
SpO2	96.93±1.41	97.20±0.93	.223	96.75±1.29	96.95±1.00	.297	−0.22±1.06	−0.14±.69	.732
Resistance of stress	107.30±49.70	109.46±50.88	.672	126.55±53.74	130.00±53.18	.326	−2.16±30.83	−3.45±18.57	.844
Stress score	74.32±17.09	73.24±10.02	.720	72.76±20.51	73.45±20.05	.326	1.08±18.22	−0.69±3.71	.609

BVOP – blood vessel output power; BVT – blood vessel tensionl; RBV – remained blood volume; BVAL – blood vessel aging level; SpO₂ – saturation of partial pressure arterial oxygen.