Table I. Exposure cut points and definitions.

Exposure	Cut Point	Definition from the Literature	Literature
Force
Power Grip	≥10 lbs	Conspicuous force applied to an object ≥10 lb to hold or manipulate an unsupported object. Grip postures must include contact of the palm and have all fingers grasp the object	Bao et al., 2006b; Stetson, 1991; Washington State Ergonomic Checklist 2009
Pinch Grip	≥2 lbs	Conspicuous force applied to an object with fingertips in 3 point pinch or lateral pinch position ≥2 lb to hold or manipulate. Pinch grip uses fewer than 5 fingers and may include the pads, tips, or radial side of fingers and thumb. The palm cannot be included	Bao et al., 2006b; Stetson, 1991; Washington State Ergonomic Checklist 2009
Lift/Carry	≥10 lbs	The weight of an unsupported object lifted or carried, relative to gravity in a vertical plane, in order to transport it with one or both hands; weighing greater ≥10lbs. Lifting between 11 and 22 lbs of force has shown a positive relationship with knee osteoarthritis.	Coggon et al., 2000
Push/Pull	Whole body	Body part contact with a surface or object by a worker to move it in a horizontal direction. Using force through multiple proximal body parts or using the weight of the body to help push or pull the object.	Bao et al., 2006b
Posture
Neck	Away from neutral (flexion or extension)	Away from neutral (flexion or extension) (Based on van Wely)	van Wely, 1979
Shoulder	≥90° elevation	Severe shoulder flexion or abduction over 90° is predictive of severe shoulder disorders; working or repeatedly raising the hands above head or the elbows above shoulder level.	Punnett et al., 2001; Leclerc et al., 2004; Washington State Ergonomic Checklist 2009
Wrist	≥45° extension or flexion	≥ 30 extension increases intracarpal pressure and risk for CTS. Pressure in the carpal tunnel also increases with flexion, which can cause damage to the median nerve.	Gelberman et al., 1981 Rempel, 1995
Low back	≥30° and ≥90° flexion ≥20° lateral flexion or rotation	Cases of back disorder have been associated with mild flexion (neutral-45 degrees), severe flexion (≥45 degrees), and any lateral bending or twisting in any direction. Working with back bent more than 30 degrees.	Punnett et al., 1991; Washington State Ergonomic Checklist 2009
Knee	Knee flexion of at least 90° (Kneeling, kneeling with heel sit, squat)	Kneeling and squatting have been associated with knee disorders.	Jensen, et al., 2000; Jensen, 2005; Washington State Ergonomic Checklist 2009

Note: the Washington State Ergonomic Checklist 2009 was based on the duration of time spent working at the defined intensity level. A caution rating required exposure of two or more hours per day. A hazard rating required exposure of four or more hours per day.