Table 3.
Risk factors for rheumatoid vasculitis among patients with RA seen at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA), 2000–10
| Cases (n = 86) | Controls (n = 172) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 36 (42) | 53 (31) | 1.72 (0.98, 3.00) |
| Age at RA diagnosis, mean (s.d.), years | 47.7 (14.5) | 52.4 (13.4) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) |
| BMI, mean (s.d.), kg/m2 | 27.1 (5.5) | 27.6 (5.2) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) |
| Current smoker at RA diagnosis | 34 (40) | 39 (23) | 1.98 (1.10, 3.56) |
| Rheumatoid nodules | 38 (44) | 45 (26) | 1.49 (0.80, 2.78) |
| Radiographic erosions | 46 (54) | 66 (39) | 1.38 (0.78, 2.43) |
| Any joint surgery | 30 (35) | 37 (22) | 1.23 (0.62, 2.44) |
| Any erosions, nodulosis and/or joint surgery | 62 (72) | 84 (49) | 2.02 (1.1, 3.71) |
| Rheumatoid lung disease | 9 (10) | 11 (6) | 1.59 (0.60, 4.21) |
| SS | 8 (9) | 18 (11) | 0.85 (0.34, 2.10) |
| C-spine disease | 10 (12) | 6 (4) | 2.03 (0.66, 6.24) |
| Rheumatoid pericarditis | 6 (7) | 4 (2) | 2.67 (0.72, 9.96) |
| ≥2 extra-articular manifestations | 7 (8) | 2 (1) | 5.05 (0.98, 26.06) |
| Positive RF | 72 (84) | 137 (82) | 0.80 (0.38, 1.67) |
| Positive ACPA | 30 (67) | 31 (51) | 1.88 (0.80, 4.40) |
| Positive ANA | 24 (29) | 24 (19) | 1.93 (0.96, 3.89) |
| Hypertension | 39 (45) | 62 (36) | 1.63 (0.91, 2.92) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 25 (29) | 47 (28) | 1.29 (0.69, 2.40) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (14) | 15 (9) | 1.79 (0.77, 4.12) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (14) | 23 (14) | 0.90 (0.40, 2.04) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (10) | 4 (2) | 3.98 (1.14, 13.99) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14 (16) | 5 (3) | 6.48 (2.11, 19.97) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (4) | 6 (4) | 0.83 (0.19, 3.65) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 8 (9) | 8 (5) | 2.23 (0.79, 6.32) |
| MTX for RA | 58 (69) | 121 (70) | 0.69 (0.37, 1.28) |
| HCQ for RA | 30 (37) | 85 (51) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.94) |
| ≥3 DMARDs for RA | 25 (29) | 27 (16) | 1.57 (0.81, 3.04) |
| Biologic use for RA | 34/81 (42) | 26/170 (15) | 2.80 (1.50,5.23) |
| Low-dose aspirin | 15 (17) | 50 (29) | 0.42 (0.21,0.85) |
| Statins | 19 (22) | 34 (20) | 1.36 (0.69,2.68) |
Values are n (%) unless indicated otherwise. Statistically significant variables are shown in bold.