Table 5.
External variable means (standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals in parentheses unless otherwise stated as % for categorical variables) and significance values of the differences for each of the three groups
| |
|
Latent groups |
|
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | T1-T2 (r) or alpha (α) | High Wellbeing (n = 712) | Low Bio-psychosocial (n = 158) | Low Cognition (n = 221) | p (HW- LBS) | p (HW- LC) | p (LBS-LC) |
|
Demographics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Males |
na |
346 (48.6) |
74 (46.8) |
128 (57.9) |
< .05 |
< .05 |
< .05 |
| Age 11 IQ |
na |
104.6 (12.3, 103.7 – 105.6) |
94.7 (17.2, 91.9 – 97.4) |
88.1 (13.8, 86.2 – 90.0) |
< .001 |
< .001 |
< .001 |
| NART (r) |
.96 |
37.1 (6.8, 36.6 – 37.6) |
31.9 (8.2, 30.6 – 33.2) |
28.3 (8.0, 27.0 – 29.1) |
< .001 |
< .001 |
< .001 |
| Years in education |
na |
11.0 (1.2, 10.1 – 11.1) |
10.4 (1.0, 10.3 – 10.6) |
10.2 (0.8, 10.1 – 10.3) |
< .001 |
< .001 |
ns |
| Still married (%) |
na |
530 (74.5) |
99 (62.7) |
149 (67.4) |
< .05 |
< .05 |
< .05 |
| Living alone (%) |
na |
157 (22.1) |
49 (31.0) |
60 (27.1) |
< .05 |
< .05 |
< .05 |
| Social class I |
na |
162 (23.0) |
15 (9.9) |
13 (6) |
< .001 |
< .001 |
ns |
| II |
|
282 (40.1) |
55 (36.4) |
65 (30.2) |
|
|
|
| IIIa |
|
163 (23.2) |
28 (18.5) |
5 (25.6) |
|
|
|
| IIIb |
|
77 (10.9) |
43 (28.5) |
68 (31.6) |
|
|
|
| IV |
|
19 (2.7) |
7 (4.6) |
12 (5.6) |
|
|
|
| V |
|
1 (0.1) |
3 (2.0) |
2 (0.9) |
|
|
|
|
Personality |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Neuroticism (α) |
.860 |
15.4 (6.8, 14.9 – 15.9) |
24.5 (7.7, 23.1 – 25.9) |
18.0 (7.0, 16.9 – 19.0) |
< .001 |
ns |
< .001 |
| Extraversion (α) |
.768 |
27.7 (5.7, 27.3 – 28.1) |
23.1 (5.8, 22.0 – 24.1) |
27.0 (5.6, 26.2 – 27.9) |
< .001 |
< .001 |
< .001 |
| Openness (α) |
.559 |
26.8 (5.9, 26.4 – 27.3) |
25.0 (5.9, 24.0 – 26.1) |
23.9 (4.7, 23.3 – 24.6) |
< .01 |
< .001 |
ns |
| Agreeableness (α) |
.634 |
34.0 (5.1, 33.7 – 34.4) |
31.6 (5.4, 30.7 – 32.2) |
32.6 (5.2, 31.9 – 33.4) |
< .001 |
< .01 |
ns |
| Conscientiousness (α) |
.797 |
35.4 (5.7, 35.0 – 35.9) |
31.0 (6.7, 29.8 – 32.2) |
34.5 (5.5, 33.7 – 35.3) |
< .001 |
ns |
< .001 |
|
Health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BMI (r) |
.95 |
27.4 (4.1, 27.1 – 27.7) |
29.1 (5.1, 28.3 – 29.9) |
28.1 (4.4, 27.5 – 28.6) |
< .001 |
ns |
ns |
| Units of alcohol/week |
na |
11.0 (13.6, 9.9 – 11.9) |
9.0 (16.0, 6.5 – 11.5) |
10.2 (4.8, 8.3 – 12.2) |
ns |
ns |
ns |
| Current smokers (%) | na | 72 (10.1) | 36 (22.8) | 38 (17.2) | < .001 | ns | ns |
Test-retest reliabilities indicated by T1-T2 (r) or validity indicated by Cronbach’s alphas (α) for this age-group are also included where applicable.
Note. T1 – T2 = test-retest time 1 – time 2 correlations of the outcome variables indicating reliability across 3 years [79]. NART = National Adult Reading Test. BMI = Body Mass Index. HW = High Wellbeing. LBS = Low Bio-psychosocial. LC = Low Cognition. na = not applicable. ns = not significant.