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. 2014 Mar 11;5:268–277. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.5.29

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Copyright © 2014, Santos et al.

This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)

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Phase shifts of higher harmonics, including the fundamental shift , when N = 10 external harmonic drives are introduced. The values are shown for a free oscillating cantilever (circles). For the free cantilever the separation is z_c >> A/A₀ = 1. Then the cantilever is gently interacting (peak forces smaller than 20 0pN) with the surface, i.e., A/A₀ < 1, while the free higher harmonic amplitudes A₀_n are set to 1 (squares) and 100 (triangles) pm.

Inline graphic — Phase shifts of higher harmonics, including the fundamental shift , when N = 10 external harmonic drives are introduced. The values are shown for a free oscillating cantilever (circles). For the free cantilever the separation is z_c >> A/A₀ = 1. Then the cantilever is gently interacting (peak forces smaller than 20 0pN) with the surface, i.e., A/A₀ < 1, while the free higher harmonic amplitudes A₀_n are set to 1 (squares) and 100 (triangles) pm.