Table 1.
Baseline Demographics By Age Group (N = 10,022)
| Total Population N = 10,022 | By Age Group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–39 yrs N = 2,605 (26 %) | 40–59 yrs N = 5,085 (51 %) | ≥ 60 yrs N = 2,332 (23 %) | P value | ||||||
| PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||
| Age, m (SD) | 50 | (14) | 32 | (5.7) | 50 | (5.6) | 69 | (7.8) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 5,452 | (54) | 1,680 | (64) | 2,769 | (54) | 1,003 | (43) | < 0.001 |
| Marital Status, n (%) | |||||||||
| Single/Divorced/Widowed | 4,013 | (40) | 1,474 | (57) | 1,685 | (33) | 854 | (37) | < 0.001 |
| Married/Partnered | 6,009 | (60) | 1,131 | (43) | 3,400 | (67) | 1,478 | (63) | < 0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||||
| White | 8,820 | (88) | 2,148 | (82) | 4,504 | (89) | 2,168 | (93) | |
| Non-White* | 1,202 | (12) | 457 | (18) | 581 | (11) | 164 | (7.0) | |
| Primary Spoken Language, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| English | 9,059 | (90) | 2,264 | (87) | 4,641 | (91) | 2,154 | (92) | |
| Other | 963 | (9.6) | 341 | (13) | 444 | (8.7) | 178 | (7.6) | |
| Tobacco Use, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Current Tobacco Use | 1,763 | (18) | 601 | (23) | 947 | (19) | 215 | (9.2) | |
| Former Tobacco Use | 2,404 | (24) | 499 | (19) | 1,117 | (22) | 788 | (34) | |
| Never Used Tobacco | 4,303 | (43) | 1,114 | (43) | 2,213 | (44) | 976 | (42) | |
| Unknown/Missing | 1,552 | (15) | 391 | (15) | 808 | (16) | 353 | (15) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, m (SD) | 31 | (7.6) | 33 | (9.0) | 31 | (6.8) | 29 | (6.8) | < 0.001 |
| On Medicaid ever†, n (%) | 896 | (8.9) | 419 | (16) | 419 | (8.2) | 58 | (2.5) | < 0.001 |
| JNC 7 Hypertension Stage‡, n (%) | 0.04 | ||||||||
| Stage 1: 140–159/90–99 mmHg | 7,118 | (71) | 1,896 | (73) | 3,562 | (70) | 1,660 | (71) | |
| Stage 2: ≥160–179/≥100–109 mmHg | 2,904 | (29) | 709 | (27) | 1,523 | (30) | 672 | (29) | |
| Baseline Comorbid Conditions, n (%) | |||||||||
| Anxiety | 1,118 | (11) | 403 | (15) | 552 | (11) | 163 | (7.0) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 642 | (6.4) | 233 | (8.9) | 305 | (6.0) | 104 | (4.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1,901 | (19) | 204 | (7.8) | 987 | (19) | 710 | (30) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 505 | (5.0) | 70 | (2.7) | 241 | (4.7) | 194 | (8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Low prevalence condition§ | 630 | (6.3) | 43 | (1.7) | 244 | (4.8) | 343 | (15) | < 0.001 |
| ACG‖ Score, young, m (SD) | 1.4 | (1.5) | 0.9 | (0.9) | 1.3 | (1.4) | 1.9 | (1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline Ambulatory Visit Counts, annual, (m, SD) | |||||||||
| Primary Care Visits | 2.1 | (2.0) | 2.2 | (2.2) | 2.1 | (1.9) | 2.1 | (2.0) | 0.005 |
| Specialty Care Visits | 1.7 | (2.4) | 1.5 | (2.1) | 1.6 | (2.3) | 2.2 | (2.8) | < 0.001 |
| Urgent Care Visits | 0.4 | (0.9) | 0.7 | (1.1) | 0.4 | (0.8) | 0.2 | (0.6) | < 0.001 |
| PROVIDER CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||
| Specialty Providing Majority of Ambulatory Care, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Internal Medicine | 3,522 | (35) | 670 | (26) | 1,755 | (35) | 1,097 | (47) | |
| Family Medicine/Family Practice | 5,178 | (52) | 1,521 | (58) | 2,688 | (53) | 969 | (42) | |
| Other¶ | 1,322 | (13) | 414 | (16) | 642 | (13) | 266 | (11) | |
| Provider Age#, m (SD) | 46 | (11) | 43 | (10) | 46 | (11) | 49 | (11) | < 0.001 |
| Female Provider, n (%) | 4,376 | (44) | 1,141 | (44) | 2,220 | (44) | 1,015 | (44) | 0.50 |
Bold = significant at p <0.05
*Non-White: Black (4.9 %), Hispanic/Latino (1.9 %), Asian (1.6 %), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0.4 %), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.3 %); Unknown (2.9 %)
†On Medicaid at any point during the baseline or study period
‡JNC 7 Stage of Hypertension = severity of blood pressure elevation at study entry
§Due to low prevalence, an indicator variable was created for the presence of any of the following: atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke/transient ischemic attack, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, collagen vascular disease, deficiency anemias, or chronic kidney disease
‖ACG = Adjusted Clinical Group Case-Mix Assessment System
¶Other = Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine, Obstetrics/Gynecology, and Geriatrics
#AMA is the source for the raw physician data (provider ages only); statistics, tables, or tabulations were prepared by User-Customer (M. Smith; PI: H. Johnson) using 2011 AMA Masterfile data