Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios and 95 % CIs of Independent Predictors of Antihypertensive Medication Initiation (Young Adults Aged 18–39 Years Old, N = 2,605)

Variable	Unadjusted HR (95 % CI)		P value	Adjusted HR (95 % CI)		P value*
PATIENT FACTORS
Age
18-29 years	0.83	(0.66–1.04)	0.10	0.77	(0.60–0.99)	0.04
30-39 years (reference)	1.0	─	─	1.0	─	─
Sex
Male		─	─	0.63	(0.49–0.80)	< 0.001
Race/Ethnicity
White		─	─	0.67	(0.49–0.90)	0.009
Non-White† (reference)		─	─	1.0	─	─
Tobacco Use
Current Tobacco Use (reference)		─	─	1.0	─	─
Former Tobacco Use		─	─	1.09	(0.78–1.53)	0.61
Never Used Tobacco		─	─	0.85	(0.62–1.15)	0.29
Unknown/Missing		─	─	1.34	(0.91–1.97)	0.14
Body mass index, kg/m2		─	─	1.00	(0.99–1.02)	0.71
On Medicaid Ever‡		─	─	1.72	(1.28–2.30)	< 0.001
JNC 7 Stage of Hypertension§
Stage 1: 140–159/90–99 mmHg		─	─	0.67	(0.52–0.88)	0.004
Stage 2: ≥ 160/100 mmHg (reference)		─	─	1.0	─	─
Baseline Comorbid Conditions
Anxiety		─	─	1.14	(0.86–1.52)	0.36
Depression		─	─	0.97	(0.67–1.41)	0.88
Hyperlipidemia		─	─	1.01	(0.71–1.44)	0.96
Diabetes mellitus		─	─	1.52	(0.89–2.60)	0.12
ACG‖ Risk Score, young index		─	─	1.11	(1.02–1.22)	0.02
Baseline Ambulatory Visit Counts, annual mean
Primary Care Visits		─	─	1.07	(1.02–1.12)	0.004
Specialty Care Visits		─	─	1.08	(1.04–1.12)	<0.001

Bold = significant at p <0.05

*Global p value for proportional hazards assumption p = 0.51

^†Non-White: Black (8.3 %), Hispanic/Latino (1.8 %), Asian (3.0 %), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0.84 %), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.5 %); Unknown (3.2 %)

^‡On Medicaid at any point during the baseline or study period

^§JNC 7 Stage of Hypertension = severity of blood pressure elevation at study entry

^‖ACG = Adjusted Clinical Group Case-Mix Assessment System