Table 2.
Effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on serum adipokine concentrations, N = 71
| Biomarker | Intervention arm | Baseline | Week 34 | Week 52 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | ||
| Low-fat | 10.41 (8.87–12.22) | 9.98 (8.62–11.56) | 9.52 (7.83–11.58) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | Low-carbohydrate | 11.03 (9.32–13.05) | 10.77 (9.21–12.58) | 10.48 (8.50–12.91) |
| Overall | 10.72 (9.54–12.03) | 10.37 (9.31–11.54) | 9.99 (8.66–11.52) | |
| Leptin (ng/mL)a | Low-fat | 28.37 (22.72–35.43) | 19.90 (15.73–25.18) | 21.85 (16.21–29.45) |
| Low-carbohydrate | 31.82 (25.34–39.95) | 20.60 (15.99–26.54) | 25.56 (18.02–36.24) | |
| Overall | 30.05 (25.63–35.23) | 19.80 (16.25–24.14) | 23.63 (18.78–29.73) | |
| A/L ratiob | Low-fat | 0.38 (0.29–0.51) | 0.42 (0.33–0.54) | 0.47 (0.33–0.68) |
| Low-carbohydrate | 0.36 (0.27–0.49) | 0.43 (0.33–0.56) | 0.52 (0.35–0.76) | |
| Overall | 0.37 (0.30–0.46) | 0.43 (0.35–0.51) | 0.50 (0.38–0.64) |
NOTE: Mixed models with repeated measurements of natural log transformed serum adipokine concentrations were used.
Overall estimates are averages across the two diets. Estimates for leptin assume a quadratic trend in time. All other estimates assume a linear trend in time. Data presented correspond to geometric means and 95% CIs. No difference in trend by diet was observed for any biomarker.
aSignificant quadratic trend was observed for serum leptin (P = 0.01); no difference observed between baseline and Week 52 serum leptin concentrations (P > 0.05).
bAverage trend in time across diets was borderline significant for serum A/L ratio (P = 0.05).