Anti-ICAM NCs switch biodistribution of αGal from blood to tissues. Mice were injected i.v. with each one of the anti-ICAM/125I-αGal NC formulations described in Fig. 3 or an equivalent dose of naked, non-targeted 125I-αGal. Samples of (a) blood and (b) organs (including brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and spleen) were collected 30 min after injection and measured for 125I-αGal content to calculate the percent of total injected dose (%ID) remaining in (a) circulation or (b) cumulatively found in tissues. Intm = Intermediate dose. Data are mean ± SEM; n≥4; *** p<0.001, comparing each nanocarrier formulation to naked enzyme, by Student’s t-test.