Table 3.

Indicators of Patient-Centered Care and their Associations with Patient-Primary Care Clinician Relationship

Indicators of Patient-Centered Care	Total Sample (N=40)		Patients’ Relationships with Primary Care Clinicians (N = 23a)				t-value (df)	Mann-Whitney U Test (Sig)
			Positive Relationship (n = 11)		Negative Relationship (n = 12)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Total PACIC Scores (α = .95)	2.50	1.04	3.27	0.65	2.11	0.97	−3.34 (21)*	.006
PACIC: Patient Activation (α = .79)	2.48	1.26	3.30	0.81	2.44	1.39	−1.79 (20)	.151
PACIC: Delivery System/Practice Design (α = .76)	2.88	1.41	3.72	0.70	2.36	1.24	−3.29 (17.56) **	0.007
PACIC: Goal Setting (α = .84)	2.24	1.10	2.92	0.97	1.77	0.96	−2.88 (21)**	0.013
PACIC: Problem Solving (α = .85)	2.54	1.23	3.32	1.00	2.02	0.98	−3.13 (21)**	0.006
PACIC: Care Coordination (α = .84)	2.55	1.04	3.27	0.93	2.17	0.98	−2.78 (21)**	0.009
Self-Management Indicators
Self-efficacy: Managing Chronic Disease (α = .91)	5.90	2.29	6.87	2.02	4.58	1.77	−2.89 (21)**	0.009
Patient Activation Measure (α =.86)	55.28	18.03	59.8	13.08	46.48	11.44	−2.60 (21)*	0.023

^*p ≤ 0.05,

^**p ≤ 0.01

Note:

^aOne participant in the focus group had missing data on these patient-centered care indicators and was excluded from these analyses. α = Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. PACIC: Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care. PACIC total and subscale ranges from 1 (never) to 5 (always), higher scores indicate greater assessment of chronic illness care. Self-efficacy scales range from 0 to 10, higher scores greater levels of self-efficacy. Patient Activation measure range from 0 to 100, higher score greater patient activation.