Table 1. Age, anthropometry, lifestyle characteristics, bone mineral density, and nutrient intake in adopted children and their parents.

Variable	Adopted children (N = 18)	Parents (N = 26)	Pa
	Mean (SD) [range]	Mean (SD) [range]
Age (years)	14.0 (4.1) [7.9 to 20.0]	49.0 (5.7) [40.0 to 65.0]	<0.001
Height (cm)	157.7 (16.4) [130.0 to 180.0]	167.2 (10.6) [150.0 to 183.0]	0.021
Weight (kg)	50.4 (15.4) [28.0 to 81.0]	80.5 (16.6) [48.0 to 120.0]	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	19.8 (3.1) [13.2 to 26.6]	28.5 (4.1) [20.7 to 38.3]	<0.001
PAI	4.8 (1.4) [3.1 to 5.8]	4.0 (1.2) [3.5 to 5.5]	n.s.
Smoking index	50 (0.0) [50 to 50] (N 1)	237.5 (152.3) [75 to 525] (N 8)	n.s.
Sleep duration (h)	8.3 (1.9) [5 to 10]	7.1 (1.3) [6 to 10]	0.011
Fractures (No.)	2.0 (1.4) [1 to 3]	1.2 (0.5) [1 to 2]	n.s.
Spine BMD Z score	1.4 (1.1) [−1.4 to 2.8]	−0.1 (0.9) [−2.3 to 1.7]	<0.001
Total femur BMD Z score	0.9 (1.0) [−2.1 to 2.3]	0.5 (0.8) [−1.1 to 2.4]	n.s.
Radius 1/3 BMD Z score	−0.8 (0.9) [−2.4 to 1.5]	−0.0 (0.9) [−1.6 to 2.3]	0.015
Energy (kcal)	3177.1 (1070.0) [1369.1 to 5401.2]	2170.5 (950.3) [833.5 to 4246.5]	0.008
Protein (g/1000 kcal)	33.8 (5.5) [25.8 to 45.6]	39.2 (5.8) [30.4 to 50.4]	0.011
Fat (g/1000 kcal)	37.0 (6.9) [23.2 to 46.0]	36.6 (3.8) [29.8 to 45.2]	n.s.
Carbohydrate (g/1000 kcal)	136.7 (20.1) [106.9 to 174.2]	129.0 (16.6) [81.1 to 156.8]	n.s.
Dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal)	10.1 (3.5) [6.2 to 19.6]	11.3 (2.3) [6.5 to 19.1]	n.s.
Calcium (mg/1000 kcal)	395.3 (99.7) [276.4 to 593.9]	356.8 (118.3) [201.9 to 599.3]	n.s.
Vitamin D (IU/1000 kcal)	27.8 (10.2) [15.3 to 47.4]	33.3 (15.0) [16.1 to 73.9]	n.s.

BMI = body mass index; PAI = physical activity index.

^aDifferences between means were tested with Student t-test.