Table 2.
EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS scores by GOLD criteria
| Crude mean | (SD) | P value * | Adjusted mean a | (SE) | P value † | Grouping b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-5D index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stage I, n = 13 |
0.83 |
0.17 |
<0.001 |
0.83 |
0.04 |
<0.001 |
A |
| Stage II, n = 114 |
0.88 |
0.12 |
|
0.88 |
0.02 |
|
A |
| Stage III, n = 59 |
0.82 |
0.16 |
|
0.81 |
0.03 |
|
A |
| Stage IV, n = 13 |
0.61 |
0.26 |
|
0.60 |
0.04 |
|
B |
| EQ-VAS |
|
|
|
||||
| Stage I, n = 13 |
71.9 |
18.9 |
0.042 |
73.9 |
5.4 |
0.033 |
A |
| Stage II, n = 114 |
71.9 |
17.8 |
|
75.1 |
2.9 |
|
A |
| Stage III, n = 60 |
65.0 |
20.6 |
|
68.9 |
3.3 |
|
A |
| Stage IV, n = 13 | 60.9 | 13.9 | 65.1 | 5.6 | A | ||
SE, standard error of the mean.
*Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests of whether the four groups are equal.
†Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests of whether the four groups are equal.
aMeans were adjusted by age group, level of education, gender, and smoking status.
bDifferent alphabet (A, B) means a statistically significant difference group after Bonferroni correction. The same grouping was shown in both ANOVA and ANCOVA.