Table 1.
Immunosuppressant Drugs associated with HpyVs reactivation and mechanisms of action (Bayliss et al., 2011; Carson et al., 2009; Van Den Brande, Peppelenbosch, and Van Deventer, 2002)
| Therapy | Disease | Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|---|
| Rituximab | B-cell Dysfunction Lymphoma Leukemia Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Binding the B-cell receptor CD20+ resulting in apoptosis of CD20+ B- cells in the periphery |
| Infliximab | Crohn’s Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis Ulcerative colitis |
Antibody specific for TNF-α resulting in reduction of the cytokine and the TH1 cells that produce the chemical messenger |
| natalizumab | Multiple Sclorosis Crohn's Disease |
α4b1 and α4β7 integrin inhibitor resulting in limiting of cell migration and infiltration |
| Efalizumab | Psoriasis (Withdrawn from market in May 2009) |
Targets T-cell receptor CD11a resulting in decreased T-lymphocyte trafficking, downregulation of adhesion molecule VLA-4 and T- Cell Hyporesponsivness |