Table 2.
Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes before and after each of the three dietary treatments
|
DIET TREATMENTS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fatty acid
1
|
Standard egg (control) |
N-3 fatty acid enriched egg |
Walnut |
Global
P
value
3
|
|||
| μg/mole% | Baseline | End 2 | Baseline | End 2 | Baseline | End 2 | |
| Saturated |
41.1 |
41.0 |
40.9 |
40.9 |
41.4 |
41.2 |
0.9579 |
| (40.7, 41.5) |
(40.2, 41.9) |
(40.5, 41.3) |
(39.7, 42.1) |
(40.8, 42.0) |
(40.0, 42.3) |
|
|
| Trans4 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0 .06 |
0.03 |
0 .06 |
0.03 |
0.5076 |
| (0.04, 0.06) |
(0.01, 0.03) |
(0.04, 0.08) |
(0.02, 0.06) |
(0.05, 0.07) |
(0.02, 0.05) |
|
|
| Monounsaturated |
15.1 |
15.3 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
14.9 |
14.4 |
<0.0003 |
| (14.8, 15.4) |
(14.8, 15.7)a |
(15.2, 15.7) |
(15.0, 15.9)a |
(15.2, 14.6) |
(13.9, 14.8)b |
|
|
| Polyunsaturated |
36.3 |
35.6 |
35.6 |
35.8 |
36.1 |
36.0 |
0.1761 |
| (35.9, 36.7) |
(34.8, 36.4) |
(35.3, 35.9) |
(35.0, 36.7) |
(34.5, 36.5) |
(35.8, 37.4) |
|
|
| n-6 (total) |
30.4 |
29.7 |
29.8 |
29.7 |
30.0 |
30.5 |
0.2880 |
| (30.1, 30.7) |
(29.1, 30.4) |
(29.4, 30.2) |
(28.7, 30.6) |
(29. 6, 30.4) |
(29.6, 31.5) |
|
|
| Linoleic |
11.5 |
10.9 |
11.3 |
10.8 |
11.4 |
11.9 |
<0.0001 |
| (11.3, 11.7) |
(10.5, 11.3)a |
(11.0, 11.6) |
(10.4, 11.3)a |
(11.1, 11.7) |
(11.5, 12.3)b |
|
|
| Arachidonic |
13.6 |
13.4 |
13.2 |
13.6 |
13.3 |
13.4 |
0.7111 |
| (13.3, 13.9) |
(13.0, 13.7) |
(12.9, 13.5) |
(13.2, 13.9) |
(13.02, 13.6) |
(13.0, 13.7) |
|
|
| n-3 (total) |
5.7 |
5.68 |
5.6 |
5.97 |
6.0 |
5.79 |
0.0903 |
| (5.5, 5.9) |
(5.48, 5.88) |
(5.4, 5.8) |
(5.76, 6.17) |
(5.76, 6.24) |
(5.59, 5.98) |
|
|
| α-Linolenic |
0 .14 |
0.14 |
0.13 |
0.15 |
0.18 |
0.19 |
<0.0000 |
| (0.13, 0.15) |
(0.12, 0.16)a |
(0.12, 0.14) |
(0.13, 0.16)a |
(0.17, 0.19) |
(0.18, 0.20)b |
|
|
| EPA5 |
0.28 |
0.34 |
0.31 |
0.30 |
0.30 |
0.31 |
0.1824 |
| (0.25, 0.31) |
(0.31, 0.38) |
(0.29, 0.33) |
(0.26, 0.33) |
(0.27, 0.33) |
(0.27, 0.34) |
|
|
| DHA5 |
2.79 |
2.90 |
2.72 |
3.15 |
3.12 |
2.71 |
<0.0015 |
| (2.64, 2.94) | (2.74, 3.05)b | (2.57, 2.87) | (3.00, 3.32)a | (2.90, 3.34) | (2.55, 2.87)b | ||
1N = 18. Fatty acid values are presented in least square means with 95% confidence intervals. Values within a row with different superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0.05.
2End values are baseline-adjusted according to the method of Kenward and Roger.
3Mixed effects model, controlling for treatment and period effect, adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey-Kramer.
4Analysis was performed after log-transformation. Results were transformed back into original units and are presented as geometric mean and CI.
5EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid.