Table 2.

Use of magnetic nanoparticles for the thermopotentiation of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Drug	Iron oxide-based nanoparticle systems	Purpose	Experimental system	Results	Ref.
Adriamycin	Nanoparticles conjugated with multidrug resistance protein inhibitors	Combination treatment	In vivo experiments with human chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines	Significant decrease in tumor sizes	[158]
Bleomycin	Coprecipitated chitosan-coated nanoparticles	Drug delivery	Release kinetics. Cellular experiments conducted in HeLa cells	Effective release. Increased drug activity found in nanoparticle– drug conjugated systems	[142]
Bortezomib	Coprecipitated nanoparticles coated with covalently attached carboxymethyl dextran	Combination treatment	Cellular experiments with resistant and nonresistant cell lines	Combination treatment with MFH more effective in both resistant and nonresistant cell lines when compared with hot water	[160]
Carboplatin	Iron nanopowder in chitosan nanoparticles	Combination treatment	In vivo studies for liver carcinoma	Higher survival rates with combination therapy	[156]
Cisplatin	Nanoparticles coated with adsorbed starch polymers	Combination treatment	Cellular combination experiments using BP6 rat sarcoma cells	Combination treatment more effective	[148]
	Magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in poly(glycolic acid) nanoparticles	Drug delivery by polymer biodegradation and heat	Drug release using microwave pulses	Effective actuated drug release	[145]
	Nanoparticles prepared by electrochemical deposition	MDR inhibitors	In vitro studies with SKOV-3/DPP cells	Enhanced accumulation of platinum using nanoparticles	[146]
	Coprecipitated nanoparticles coated with adsorbed starch polymers	Drug delivery	Release kineticsc	Cisplatin desorption after magnetic field application	[149]
	Porous hollow nanoparticles functionalized with herceptin	Targeted release	Release kinetics and in vitro cellular studies with SK-BR-03 cells	Release kinetics controlled by pH. Significant cytotoxicity found	[150]
	Carbon-encapsulated nanoparticles	Combination treatment	Release and cellular studies with DU-145 cells	Combination treatment was effective	[147]
	Coprecipitated nanoparticles coated with adsorbed carboxymethyl dextran	Combination treatment	Cellular efficacy studies using Caco-2. Compared with hot water hyperthermia	Treatment sequence is important. Significant differences between heating methods	[151]
	Nanoparticles coated with crosslinked starch	Drug delivery	Release kinetics	Release profiles influenced by crosslinking density, pH and temperature	[141]
	Coprecipitated gold-coated nanoparticles	Drug delivery/targeted delivery	Cellular studies with resistant and native A2780 cells	Cisplatin-coated nanoparticles demonstrated higher activity	[139]
	Coprecipated nanoparticles coated with poly(lactic acid)	Drug delivery	Loading and release kinetics	Effective drug loading. Half of loaded drug was released	[138]
	Coprecipitated nanoparticles coated with adsorbed carboxymethyl dextran	Combination treatment/understanding of potentiation mecahnisms	Cellular studies using Caco-2	No cytoprotective role from copper when used with MFH. Higher platinum uptake and membrane permeability with MFH when compared with hot water	[152]
Concanavalin A	Coprecipitated chitosan-coated nanoparticles	Drug delivery	Release kinetics. Cellular experiments conducted in HeLa cells	Increased drug activity found in nanoparticle–drug conjugated systems	[142]
Cyclophosphamide	Citrate-coated nanoparticles	MRI contrast/combination treatment	In vivo experiments in mammary adenocarcinoma	Lifespan of mice significantly improved. MRI enhancement observed	[155]
	CO3O4−Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles	Drug delivery	Release kinetics. Cellular experiments conducted in mouse fibroblast	Controlled release was achieved. Particles were not cytotoxic	[143]
Geldanamycin	Micrometer-sized particles	Combination treatment	In vitro and in vivo studies using B16 melanoma	In vivo, 55% remission in treated group	[157]
Gemcitabine	Coprecipitated nanoparticles coated with a polyelectrolyte complex of poly(acrylic acid), chitosan and folic acid	Drug delivery	Release kinetics. Cellular experiments with PRF-5, DLD-1 and MDA-231 cell lines	Nanoparticles delivered the drug to the nuclei of cells	[144]
Melphalan	Adsorbed dextran-coated nanoparticles	MRI contrast/combination treatment	In vivo experiments in P388 tumors, Ehlich carcinoma and Lewis carcinoma	Lifespan of mice significantly improved. MRI enhancement observed	[154]
Paclitaxel	Nanoparticles encapsulated in liposomes	Combination treatment	Release kinetics. Cellular experiments with HeLa cells	Combination treatment more effective	[159]
Selol	Encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles in poly(lactic)-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles	Drug delivery	Cellular studies using B16–F10 cells	Loaded particles produced higher cell cytotoxicity	[140]
Quercetin		Combination treatment	In vivo experiments with a melanoma model	Combination treatment more effective	[169]

MDR: Multidrug-resistance; MFH: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia.