Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the general non-diabetic ‘GÅS’-population without vascular manifestations stratified by age groups
| Demographics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups (years) | 60–69 | 70–79 | ≥80 | All | ||
| Number of participants | 834 | 215 | 203 | 1,252 | ||
| Sex n of males (%) | 390 (46.8) | 88 (40.9) | 71 (35.0) | 546 (43.9) | ||
| Age years mean (SD) | 63.0 (3.0) | 74.5 (3.0) | 85.2 (3.9) | 68.5 (9.1) | ||
| Males | 62.9 (3.0) | 74.4 (3.0) | 85.0 (3.8) | 67.6 (8.5) | ||
| Females | 63.0 (3.0) | 74.6 (3.0) | 85.4 (3.9) | 69.3(9.4) | ||
| Physical inactivity n (%) | 93 (11.3) | 27 (12.8) | 50 (26.3) | 170 (13.9) | ||
| Males | 57 (14.8) | 9 (10.4) | 16 (23.2) | 82 (15.2) | ||
| Females | 36 (8.2) | 18 (14.4) | 34 (28.1) | 88 (12.9) | ||
| Smoking n (%) | 541 (64.9) | 97 (45.1) | 82 (40.4) | 720 (57.5) | ||
| Males | 270 (69.2) | 53 (60.2) | 47 (66.2) | 370 (67.4) | ||
| Females | 271 (61.0) | 44 (34.6) | 35 (26.5) | 350 (49.8) | ||
| Total cholesterolb (mmol/l) mean (SD) | 6.09 (0.99) | 6.03(1.18) | 6.03(1.17) | 6.07(1.05) | ||
| Males | 5.92 (0.98) | 5.50 (1.18) | 5.41 (0.93) | 5.79 (1.02) | ||
| Females | 6.24 (0.98) | 6.38 1.04) | 6.35 (1.15) | 6.28 (1.03) | ||
| HDLc (mmol/l) mean (SD) | 1.44(0.44) | 1.50(0.51) | 1.51(0.48) | 1.46(0.46) | ||
| Males | 1.26 (0.36) | 1.28 (0.40) | 1.30 (0.37) | 1.27 (0.36) | ||
| Females | 1.59 (0.44) | 1.66 (0.52) | 1.62 (0.50) | 1.61 (0.47) | ||
| Lipid-lowering medication n (%) | 62 (7.4) | 12 (5.6) | 4 (2.0) | 78 (6.2) | ||
| Males | 31 (7.9) | 3 (3.4) | 2 (2.8) | 36 (6.6) | ||
| Females | 31 (7.0) | 9 (7.1) | 2 (1.5) | 42 (6.0) | ||
| Weight | 76.9 (14.9) | 72.7 (11.5) | 67.4 (12.0) | 74.6 (14.4) | ||
| Males | 84.6 (13.8) | 80.5 (10.1) | 75.1 (11.1) | 82.7 (13.4) | ||
| Females | 70.2 (12.4) | 67.3 (9.1) | 63.2 (10.5) | 68.4 (11.8) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 26.1 (4.1) | 25.2 (3.2) | 23.9 (3.4) | 25.6 (4.0) | ||
| Males | 26.6 (3.7) | 25.5 (2.7) | 24.2 (3.1) | 26.1 (3.6) | ||
| Females | 25.7(4.4) | 25.1 (3.5) | 23.8 (3.6) | 25.2 (4.2) | ||
| Blood pressurea (mmHg) mean (SD) | 140/84 (20/10) | 151/82 (21/10) | 153/80 (24/11) | 144/83 (22/11) | ||
| Males | 141/85 (20/11) | 150/82 (20/11) | 148/79 (26/11) | 145/82 (22/10) | ||
| Females | 140/82 (20/10) | 151/82 (22/10) | 156/80 (23/12) | 145/83 (22/11) | ||
| Measurements of kidney function | ||||||
| Age (years) | 60–69 | 70–79 | ≥80 | All | ||
| Cystatin Ce (mg/l) mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.15) | 1.09 (0.33) | 1.28 (0.27) | 1.01 (0.25) | ||
| Males | 0.93 (0.15) | 1.17 (0.47) | 1.29 (0.25) | 1.02 (0.28) | ||
| Females | 0.93 (0.14) | 1.03 (0.17) | 1.27 (0.28) | 1.01 (0.22) | ||
| Creatinined (µM) mean (SD) | 80.9 (14.7) | 84.1 (21.8) | 88.3 (20.0) | 82.7 (17.2) | ||
| Males | 89.5 (14.2) | 95.91 (26.1) | 100.0 (21.3) | 91.9 (18.0) | ||
| Females | 73.4 (10.4) | 75.8 (13.0) | 82.1 (16.2) | 75.5 (12.6) | ||
| CKD-EPI creatinine equation (ml/min/1.73 m2) mean (SD) | 78.1 (13.8) | 67.3 (14.0) | 57.5 (15.4) | 72.9 (16.1) | ||
| Males | 80.4 (14.4) | 67.5 (15.8) | 59.9 (16.8) | 75.7 (16.8) | ||
| Females | 76.0 (13.0) | 67.1 (12.6) | 56.2 (14.4) | 70.7 (15.3) | ||
| CKD-EPI cystatin C equation (ml/min/1.73 m2) mean (SD) | 83.0 (15.2) | 67.1 (15.0) | 51.6 (13.6) | 75.2 (19.1) | ||
| Males | 86.3 (15.9) | 65.3 (16.5) | 52.7 (12.8) | 78.6 (20.1) | ||
| Females | 80.2 (14.0) | 68.3 (13.7) | 51.1 (14.0) | 72.6 (17.9) | ||
| CKD-EPI creatinine–cystatin C equation (ml/min/1.73 m2) mean (SD) | 80.7 (12.5) | 68.1 (13.0) | 55.3 (12.3) | 74.4 (15.8) | ||
| Males | 83.7 (13.0) | 67.8 (14.6) | 57.1 (12.0) | 77.7 (16.4) | ||
| Females | 78.1 (11.5) | 68.3 (11.8) | 54.3 (12.4) | 71.9 (14.9) | ||
| Prevalence of CKD Stages 3–5f and 4–5g | ||||||
| Age groups (years) | 60–69 | 70–79 | ≥80 | |||
| CKD-EPI cystatin C | CKD-EPI creatinine | CKD-EPI cystatin C | CKD-EPI creatinine | CKD-EPI cystatin C | CKD-EPI creatinine | |
| CKD 3–5 n (%) | 49 (5.9) | 72 (8.6) | 62 (28.8) | 62 (28.8) | 150 (73.9) | 111 (54.7) |
| Males | 21 (5.4) | 27 (6.9) | 27(30.7) | 22 (25) | 49 (69.0) | 33 (46.5) |
| Females | 28 (6.3) | 45 (10.1) | 35 (27.6) | 40 (31.5) | 101 (76.5) | 78 (59.1) |
| CKD 4–5 n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (1.4) | 8 (3.9) | 7 (3.4) |
| Males | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (3.4) | 2 (2.8) | 3 (4.2) |
| Females | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (4.6) | 4 (3.0) |
Missing data: 4 (0.3%) no weight, 52 (4.2%) no BMI, 94 (7.6%) no cholesterol, 96 (7.7%) no HDL, 4 (0.3%) no diastolic blood pressure, 3 (0.2%) no systolic blood pressure.
aBlood pressure is systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure. Normal range.
bCholesterol (mmol/l): 3.9–7.8.
cHigh-density lipoprotein (mmol/l): males 0.80–2.1, females 1.0–2.7.
dCreatinine (µmol/l): males 60–105, females 45–90.
eCystatin C (mg/l): 0.63–1.44.
fCKD Stages 3–5 eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
gCKD Stages 4–5 eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2.