Table 1. Means of demographic baseline clinical and laboratory parameters (admission).
| All (n = 167) | AS (n = 24) | Q (n = 143) | P value (95% confidence interval) | |
| Demographic features | ||||
| Male (%) | 107 (64.1%) | 17 (70.8%) | 90 (62.9%) | 0.5a |
| Age (years) (SD; range) | 39.3 (±14.81; 16–81) | 46.5 (±15.03; 24–81) | 38.1 (±14.48; 16–73) | 0.01b (2.03, 14.71) |
| African ethnic background | 91 (54.5%) | 18 (75%) | 73 (51%) | 0.05a |
| West Africa as travel destination | 92 (55.1%) | 20 (83.3%) | 72 (50.4%) | 0.003a |
| East/North East Africa as travel destination | 45 (27.0%) | 2 (8.3%) | 43 (30.1%) | 0.124a |
| Visiting friends and relatives | 58 (34.8%) | 15 (62.5%) | 43 (30.1%) | 0.007c |
| Work related visit of endemic region | 39 (23.4%) | 4 (16.7%) | 35 (24.5%) | 0.6a |
| Malaria prophylaxis taken | 105 (62.9%) | 16 (66.7%) | 89 (62.2%) | 0.789a |
| Admission clinical features | ||||
| Temperature, °C (SD; range) | 38.1 (±1.21; 35.6–42) | 37.9* (±1.10; 36.2–39.8) | 38.1* (±1.22; 35.6–42) | 0.54b (−0.88, 0.47) |
| Heart rate, min−1 (SD; range) | 102 (±18.28; 62–160) | 110* (±19.53; 71–140) | 102* (18.02; 62–160) | 0.09b (−1.43, 18.76) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD; range) | 114 (±18.99; 72–190) | 121* (±24.92; 72–156) | 114* (±18.23; 80–190) | 0.18b (−3.48, 17.58) |
| Diastolic bld. pressure, mmHg (SD; range) | 69 (±12.12; 40–104) | 71* (±15.232; 45–104) | 68* (±11.784; 40–100) | 0.44b (−4.12, 9.38) |
| Respiratory rate, min−1 (SD; range) | 21.3 (±5.947; 10–60) | 20* (±2.58; 16–24) | 22* (±6.18; 10– 60) | 0.053d (−3.54, 0.03) |
| Blood glucose, mmol/l (SD; range) | 6.867 (±3.07; 2.8–23.2) | 5.8 (±1.55; 2.8–11) | 7.1** (±3.26; 3.5–23.2) | 0.004d (−2.19, −0.44) |
| Admission laboratory features | ||||
| Parasitaemia, % (SD; range) | 5.9 (±6.577; 0–42) | 7.7 (±7.42; 1–32) | 5.6 (±6.41; 0–42) | 0.21b (−1.21, 5.36) |
| Haemoglobin, g/dl (SD; range) | 12.6 (±2.428; 5.6–17.1) | 12.2 (±1.91; 6.9–16) | 12.6 (±2.51; 5.6–17.1) | 0.5b (−1.42, 0.70) |
| Platelets, μl−1 (SD; range) | 72 (±54.001; 3–340) | 61 (±37.57; 9–143) | 74 (±56.20; 3–340) | 0.17d (−30.72, 5.57) |
| Serum urea, mmol/l (SD; range) | 9.0 (±10.368; 1.3–94) | 11.1 (±11.68; 3.6–41.1) | 8.6 (±10.13; 1.3–94) | 0.29b (−2.08, 6.95) |
| Creatinine, μmol/l (SD; range) | 125 (±116.42; 56–1189) | 139 (±125.02; 56– 607) | 123 (±115.21; 59–1189) | 0.51b (−33.89, 67.70) |
| Serum bilirubin, mol/l (SD; range) | 44.8 (±37.224; 5–282) | 42.7 (±36.78; 10–157) | 45.2 (±37.42; 5–282) | 0.77b (−18.70, 13.81) |
| Alanine aminotransferase, IU/l (SD; range) | 53.92 (±41.265; 11–296) | 44.7 (±29.79; 13–151) | 55.47 (±42.78; 11–296) | 0.13d (−25.05, 3.50) |
| Prothrombin time, second (SD; range) | 15.61 (±2.078; 11.2–25) | 15.5 (±2.26; 13–21) | 15.6† (±2.05; 11.2–25) | 0.79b (−0.06, 0.80) |
| Serum lactate, mol/l (SD; range) | 2.78 (±2.645; 0.7–21.5) | 2.27†† (±1.12; 0.8– 4.9) | 2.98†† (±3.03; 0.7–21.5) | 0.17d (−1.71, 0.30) |
Note: aExact test (Fisher).
bt-test for equal variances (t-test).
cChi-squared test.
dt-test for unequal variances (Welch test).
*Vital parameter results available from 14 AS and 130 Q patients.
**Blood glucose results available from 115 Q patients.
†Prothrombin time results available from 110 Q patients.
††Serum lactate results available from 19 AS and 49 Q patients.