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. 2014 Mar 24;592(Pt 8):1731–1744. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267609

Figure 1. Model of glucocorticoid effects on integrated renal function.

Figure 1

Glucocorticoids act pervasively and therefore their net effect on renal function is determined by extrarenal, haemodynamic and renal tubular factors. The local action of glucocorticoids within the kidney is subject to fine-tuning by the 11βHSD isoforms. The net result is usually a natriuresis, but under some conditions antinatriuresis predominates (see main text). ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; AVP, arginine vasopressin; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; 11βHSD1/2, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1/2; HPAA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; ROS, reactive oxygen species.