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. 2014 Mar 24;592(Pt 8):1731–1744. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267609

Figure 6. Interactions between the RAAS and the HPAA.

Figure 6

Dashed arrows (with filled circles at the head) represent negative feedback loops. Red arrows are potential sites of crosstalk between the RAAS and the HPAA. Interactions arise at multiple levels: pre-receptor (changes in ligand availability), receptor (receptor–ligand promiscuity) and post-receptor (common second messenger systems). HPAA activation can increase the activity of 11βHSD2 and inhibit 11βHSD1. The other potential routes of crosstalk are discussed in the main text. ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone; AngII, angiotensin II; CRH, corticotrophin releasing hormone; DOC, deoxycorticosterone; HPAA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; 11βHSD1/2, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1/2; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.