Table 4.

Changes in oxygen uptake (), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange rate (RER) and lactate during submaximal workloads at approximately 60% and 80% of at baseline

	Vitamin C and E group			Placebo group
	Pre	Post	Change, %	Pre	Post	Change, %	P-value*
60% of pre
(ml·min−1·kg−1)	30.9 ± 5.9	30.4 ± 6.3	−1.4 ± 8.7	30.3 ± 4.5	29.1 ± 5.2	−3.6 ± 11.3	0.430
HR (beats· min−1)	140.8 ± 13.2	136.2 ± 12.7	−3.0 ± 6.7	140.9 ± 17.3	131.7 ± 15.9	−6.3 ± 7.2‡	0.095
RER (: )	0.89 ± 0.05	0.89 ± 0.05	0.3 ± 5.4	0.91 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	−1.7 ± 5.1	0.168
Lactate (mmol·l)	1.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	−3.5 ± 33.4	1.5 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.7	−6.1 ± 32.5	0.776
80% of pre
(ml·min−1·kg−1)	42.4 ± 7.9	42.5 ± 8.9	−0.1 ± 6.7	41.7 ± 5.2	41.4 ± 6.0	−0.4 ± 9.0	0.919
HR (beats· min−1)	170.1 ± 11.1	165.0 ± 13.3	−2.9 ± 5.9	169.8 ± 15.5	161.6 ± 14.6	−4.7 ± 4.4‡	0.214
RER (: )	0.93 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.05	−1.5 ± 5.3	0.95 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.03	−3.9 ± 4.5‡	0.083
Lactate (mmol·l)	3.8 ± 2.2	2.5 ± 1.3	−27.4 ± 25.1‡	3.3 ± 2.2	2.4 ± 1.3	−18 ± 26.0‡	0.270

Values are mean ± s.d.

^*P-values for between-group differences in percentage change. Within-group changes:

^†P < 0.05;

^‡P < 0.01.