Demongraphics
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Age, mean (SD), y |
49 (11) |
52 (11) |
.02 |
51 (10) |
51 (12) |
.88 |
Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2
|
29 (6) |
29 (6) |
.57 |
28 (5) |
30 (6) |
.18 |
Men, No. (%) |
97 (58) |
102 (75) |
.002 |
50 (66) |
51 (67) |
.86 |
White, No. (%) |
141 (84) |
98 (72) |
.009 |
62 (82) |
56 (74) |
.24 |
Clinical history, No. (%)
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|
|
|
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Diabetes |
21 (13) |
41 (30) |
<.001 |
12 (16) |
15 (20) |
.52 |
Hypertension |
90 (54) |
75 (55) |
.83 |
38 (50) |
38 (50) |
NS |
Current or prior smoker |
93 (56) |
86 (63) |
.18 |
48 (63) |
46 (61) |
.74 |
History of coronary artery disease |
53 (32) |
55 (40) |
.12 |
26 (34) |
24 (32) |
.73 |
History of Myocardial infarction |
36 (22) |
41 (30) |
.09 |
16 (21) |
14 (18) |
.68 |
History of coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
21 (13) |
26 (19) |
.12 |
11 (14) |
10 (13) |
.81 |
History of percutaneous coronary intervention |
26 (16) |
21 (15) |
.98 |
11 (14) |
10 (13) |
.81 |
Medication use, No. (%)
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|
|
|
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Aspirin |
95 (57) |
79 (58) |
.83 |
46 (61) |
41 (54) |
.41 |
Beta-blockers |
148 (89) |
123 (90) |
.61 |
68 (89) |
69 (91) |
.79 |
Angiotensin-convering enzyme inhibitors or Angiotensin II receptor blockers |
157 (94) |
123 (90) |
.24 |
71 (93) |
72 (95) |
.73 |
Digoxin |
80 (48) |
98 (72) |
<.001 |
52 (68) |
48 (63) |
.49 |
Diuretics |
122 (73) |
121 (89) |
.001 |
61 (80) |
65 (86) |
.39 |
Statins |
56 (34) |
65 (48) |
.012 |
30 (39) |
28 (37) |
.74 |
Calcium channel blockers |
6 (4) |
7 (5) |
.51 |
5 (7) |
2 (3) |
.25 |
Cardiovascular assessment
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Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg |
111 (18) |
110 (19) |
.64 |
111 (18) |
111 (17) |
.71 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg |
75 (13) |
72 (12) |
.09 |
75 (14) |
72 (12) |
.35 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, mean (SD), % |
23 (8) |
20 (8) |
<.001 |
21 (6) |
21 (9) |
.35 |
Peak Exercise |
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|
|
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|
Heart rate |
142 (20) |
128 (27) |
<.001 |
134 (17) |
137 (25) |
.42 |
Systolic blood pressure |
151 (27) |
142 (31) |
.003 |
150 (30) |
148 (30) |
.47 |
Diastolic blood pressure |
79 (14) |
76 (13) |
.13 |
78 (14) |
78 (13) |
.68 |
Peak oxygen consumption, mean (SD), ml/kg/min |
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Men |
23.7 (7.4) |
19.9 (6.6) |
<.001 |
22.2 (7.0) |
22.5 (7.5) |
.97 |
Women |
18.7 (4.7) |
15.5 (3.7) |
<.001 |
17.5 (2.8) |
16.3 (3.6) |
.12 |
Respiratory exchange ratio, mean (SD) |
1.06 (0.10) |
1.03 (0.11) |
0.025 |
1.04 (0.11) |
1.04 (0.11) |
.85 |
Ventilatory response to exercise, mean (SD) |
29.7 (8.2) |
32.7 (9.1) |
.003 |
30.2 (7.5) |
30.9 (8.4) |
.80 |
Chronotropic Response, mean (SD) |
0.71 (0.19) |
0.58 (0.23) |
<.001 |
0.63 (0.18) |
0.65 (0.21) |
.44 |
Frequent ventricular ectopic activity during recovery, number (%) |
11 (7) |
24 (18) |
.003 |
6 (8) |
10 (13) |
.29 |
Heart rate recovery, mean (SD) |
15 (9) |
11 (10) |
<.001 |
14 (8) |
14 (10) |
.99 |
QRS width, mean (SD), msec |
118 (29) |
123 (29) |
.07 |
118 (30) |
119 (29) |
.75 |