Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics according to TWA findings
| Entire cohort | Propensity matched cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal MTWA (n=167) | Abnormal MTWA (n=136) | P Value | Normal MTWA (n=76) | Abnormal MTWA (n=76) | P Value | |
| Demongraphics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 49 (11) | 52 (11) | .02 | 51 (10) | 51 (12) | .88 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 29 (6) | 29 (6) | .57 | 28 (5) | 30 (6) | .18 |
| Men, No. (%) | 97 (58) | 102 (75) | .002 | 50 (66) | 51 (67) | .86 |
| White, No. (%) | 141 (84) | 98 (72) | .009 | 62 (82) | 56 (74) | .24 |
| Clinical history, No. (%) | ||||||
| Diabetes | 21 (13) | 41 (30) | <.001 | 12 (16) | 15 (20) | .52 |
| Hypertension | 90 (54) | 75 (55) | .83 | 38 (50) | 38 (50) | NS |
| Current or prior smoker | 93 (56) | 86 (63) | .18 | 48 (63) | 46 (61) | .74 |
| History of coronary artery disease | 53 (32) | 55 (40) | .12 | 26 (34) | 24 (32) | .73 |
| History of Myocardial infarction | 36 (22) | 41 (30) | .09 | 16 (21) | 14 (18) | .68 |
| History of coronary artery bypass graft surgery | 21 (13) | 26 (19) | .12 | 11 (14) | 10 (13) | .81 |
| History of percutaneous coronary intervention | 26 (16) | 21 (15) | .98 | 11 (14) | 10 (13) | .81 |
| Medication use, No. (%) | ||||||
| Aspirin | 95 (57) | 79 (58) | .83 | 46 (61) | 41 (54) | .41 |
| Beta-blockers | 148 (89) | 123 (90) | .61 | 68 (89) | 69 (91) | .79 |
| Angiotensin-convering enzyme inhibitors or Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 157 (94) | 123 (90) | .24 | 71 (93) | 72 (95) | .73 |
| Digoxin | 80 (48) | 98 (72) | <.001 | 52 (68) | 48 (63) | .49 |
| Diuretics | 122 (73) | 121 (89) | .001 | 61 (80) | 65 (86) | .39 |
| Statins | 56 (34) | 65 (48) | .012 | 30 (39) | 28 (37) | .74 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 6 (4) | 7 (5) | .51 | 5 (7) | 2 (3) | .25 |
| Cardiovascular assessment | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 111 (18) | 110 (19) | .64 | 111 (18) | 111 (17) | .71 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 75 (13) | 72 (12) | .09 | 75 (14) | 72 (12) | .35 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | 23 (8) | 20 (8) | <.001 | 21 (6) | 21 (9) | .35 |
| Peak Exercise | ||||||
| Heart rate | 142 (20) | 128 (27) | <.001 | 134 (17) | 137 (25) | .42 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 151 (27) | 142 (31) | .003 | 150 (30) | 148 (30) | .47 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 79 (14) | 76 (13) | .13 | 78 (14) | 78 (13) | .68 |
| Peak oxygen consumption, mean (SD), ml/kg/min | ||||||
| Men | 23.7 (7.4) | 19.9 (6.6) | <.001 | 22.2 (7.0) | 22.5 (7.5) | .97 |
| Women | 18.7 (4.7) | 15.5 (3.7) | <.001 | 17.5 (2.8) | 16.3 (3.6) | .12 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio, mean (SD) | 1.06 (0.10) | 1.03 (0.11) | 0.025 | 1.04 (0.11) | 1.04 (0.11) | .85 |
| Ventilatory response to exercise, mean (SD) | 29.7 (8.2) | 32.7 (9.1) | .003 | 30.2 (7.5) | 30.9 (8.4) | .80 |
| Chronotropic Response, mean (SD) | 0.71 (0.19) | 0.58 (0.23) | <.001 | 0.63 (0.18) | 0.65 (0.21) | .44 |
| Frequent ventricular ectopic activity during recovery, number (%) | 11 (7) | 24 (18) | .003 | 6 (8) | 10 (13) | .29 |
| Heart rate recovery, mean (SD) | 15 (9) | 11 (10) | <.001 | 14 (8) | 14 (10) | .99 |
| QRS width, mean (SD), msec | 118 (29) | 123 (29) | .07 | 118 (30) | 119 (29) | .75 |