Table 2.

Preclinical Literature on DCS-Facilitated Extinction of CRs to Drug-Related Cues

Drug of Abuse	Paradigm	Species	CS	Extinction Protocol	DCS Dose	Time of DCS Admin	Effect Extinction	Recovery	Reference
Cocaine	CPP	Rats	Context	Repeated test	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated		Botreau et al. (37)
						4 hours post-ext	NE
					10 µg/side (BLA)	Immed post-ext	Facilitated
		Mice	Context	Repeated test	15 mg/kg	Immed pre-ext	Facilitated	NE (cocaine-primed reinst)	Kelley et al. (38)
		Rats	Context	Repeated test	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated	?	Paolone et al. (39)
				Re-confine	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated	Reduced SR
		Mice	Context	Re-confine	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	NE	Reduced SR	Thanos et al. (40)
					30 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated	Increased SR
	SA	Rats	Resp-cont cue	Noncontingent cues; resp prevented	10 µg/side (BLA)	20 min pre-reactivation	Increased drug-seeking; reconsolidation effect		Lee et al. (45)
		Rats	Resp-cont cues	Noncontingent cues; resp prevented	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext		Reduced context specificity of cue-induced reinst	Torregrossa et al. (41)
					10 µg/side (NAc)	Immed post-ext		Reduced context specificity of cue-induced reinst
					10 µg/side (LA)	Immed post-ext		NE
					10 µg/side (hipp)	Immed post-ext		NE
					10 µg/side (IL)	Immed post-ext		NE
					10 µg/side (PL)	Immed post-ext		NE
		Rats	Resp-cont cue	Resp-cont cue but not cocaine	15 mg/kg	30 min pre-ext	NE	Impaired reacquisition	Nic Dhonnchadha et al. (42)
					30 mg/kg	30 min pre-ext	Facilitated	Impaired reacquisition
					30 mg/kg	Immed post-ext (with handling)	NE	Impaired reacquisition
					30 mg/kg	6 hours post-ext	NE	NE
		Squirrel monkeys	Resp-cont cue	Resp-cont cue but not cocaine	3 mg/kg	30 min pre-ext	NE	Impaired reacquisition
					10 mg/kg	30 min pre-ext	NE	Impaired reacquisition
		Rats	Resp-cont cue	Resp-cont cue but not cocaine	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	NE		Thanos et al. (43)
					30 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated
		Mice	Resp-cont cue	Resp-cont cue but not cocaine	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated		Thanos et al. (44)
					30 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	Facilitated
				Resp had no programmed consequences	15 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	NE
					30 mg/kg	Immed post-ext	NE
Ethanol	CPP	Mice	Floor texture	Repeated test	30 mg/kg	Immed pre-ext	NE	Impaired reacquisition	Groblewski et al. (48)
					60 mg/kg	Immed pre-ext	NE	Impaired reacquisition
	SA	Rats	Resp-cont cue	Resp-cont cue but no ethanol	5 mg/kg	1 hour pre-ext	?	Impaired ethanol-primed reinst	Vengeliene et al. (49)
Morphine	CPP	Mice	Context	Re-confine	7.5 mg/kg	Pre-ext	NE	NE	Lu et al. (52)
					15 mg/kg	Pre-ext	NE	NE
					30 mg/kg	Pre-ext	Facilitated	NE
	CPA (morphine withdrawal)	Rats	Context	Re-confine	15 mg/kg	Immed pre-ext	Facilitated		Myers and Carlezon (53)
Amph.	CPP	Rats	Context	Repeated test	10 µg (hipp)	20 min pre-ext	Facilitated		Sakurai et al. (54)

Bold text indicates facilitation of extinction or reduction of CR recovery. Unhighlighted text indicates no effect. Italicized text indicates increased CR recovery or enhanced reconsolidation. Crossed-out cells indicate no data. Question marks indicate findings that are difficult to interpret.

Admin, administration; Amph., amphetamine; BLA, basolateral amygdala; CPA, conditioned place aversion; CPP, conditioned place preference; CS, conditioned stimulus; ext, extinction; hipp, hippocampus; IL, infralimbic cortex; immed, immediately; LA, lateral amygdala; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PL, prelimbic cortex; reinst, reinstatement; resp-cont, response-contingent; SA, self-administration; SR, spontaneous recovery; other abbreviations as in Table 1.