Table 4. Plasma pharmacokinetics of borneol, isoborneol, and camphor in rats receiving Bingpian, synthetic Bingpian, or Fufang-Danshen tablets. The data are expressed as the mean±standard deviation (relative standard deviation).
Compound | Cmax or C5 min (nmol/L) | Tpeak (h) | AUC0–t (h·nmol/L) | AUC0–∞ (h·nmol/L) (h) | t1/2–(1) (h) | t1/2–(2) (h) | MRT (h) | CLtot, p (L·h−1·kg−1) | VSS (L/kg) | F (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural Bingpian at an oral dose of 20 mg borneol/kg | ||||||||||
Borneol | 116±39 | 0.083±0 | 1266±307 | 1558±413 | – | – | 10.6±0.8 | – | – | 11.6±2.8 |
Camphor | 108±50 | 0.083±0 | 362±24 | 432±106 | – | – | 6.1±1.8 | – | – | – |
Natural Bingpian at an intravenous dose of 5 mg borneol/kg | ||||||||||
Borneol | 5122±1030 | – | 2724±517 | 2825±583 | 0.7±0.1 | 8.5±2.0 | 2.5±0.8 | 12.3±2.5 | 40.2±12.0 | – |
Camphor | 149±17 | – | 207±77 | 210±78 | 1.3±0.5 | – | 1.6±0.5 | – | – | – |
Synthetic Bingpian at an oral dose of 20 mg borneol+isoborneol/kg | ||||||||||
Borneol | 201±114 | 0.083±0 | 1209±105 | 1726±354 | – | – | 11.3±0.3 | – | – | 12.7±1.1 |
Isoborneol | 84±34 | 0.39±0.53 | 310±140 | 331±135 | – | – | 10.4±3.0 | – | – | 8.7±3.9 |
Camphor | 354±15 | 0.14±0.10 | 1311±461 | 1471±547 | – | – | 8.8±1.2 | – | – | – |
Synthetic Bingpian at an intravenous dose of 5 mg borneol+isoborneol/kg | ||||||||||
Borneol | 3691±374 | – | 2375±230 | 2576±265 | 0.8±0.1 | 8.0±2.9 | 3.6±0.7 | 8.6±0.9 | 50.7±16.9 | – |
Isoborneol | 2113±141 | – | 893±83 | 902±74 | 1.0±0.1 | – | 0.9±0.2 | 13.7±1.4 | 13.0±1.3 | – |
Camphor | 349±24 | – | 984±172 | 1011±161 | 2.5±3.1 | – | 4.1±0.7 | – | – | – |
Fufang-danshen tablets at an oral dose of 20 mg borneol+isoborneol/kg | ||||||||||
Borneol | 109±24 | 1.39±2.26 | 1349±327 | 1612±262 | – | – | 12.0±1.2 | – | – | 14.2±3.4 |
Isoborneol | 35±21 | 1.39±2.26 | 101±64 | 105±71 | – | – | 5.3±2.4 | – | – | 2.8±1.8 |
Camphor | 201±160 | 2.69±2.26 | 1128±297 | 1456±589 | – | – | 7.8±1.2 | – | – | – |
Cmax, maximum plasma concentration after oral dose; C5 min, plasma concentration at 5 min after intravenous dose; Tpeak, time taken to achieve peak concentration; t1/2, elimination half-life; AUC0←t, area under concentration-time curve up to the time of last measurable concentration; AUC0←∞, AUC0←t extrapolated to infinity; MRT, mean residence time; CLtot,p, total plasma clearance; VSS, distribution volume at steady state.