Table 3.
Adjusted mean (95% CI) glucose and insulin levels by the Mediterranean dietary score quintiles: MESA (2000-2002)
| Quintilea | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Beta for 1 Quintile Increase |
p-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | |||||||
| Glucose, mg/dl | |||||||
| Model 1 | 90.3 (89.8, 90.9) | 89.1 (88.5, 89.7) | 89.6 (89.0, 90.2) | 89.2 (88.6, 89.9) | 89.0 (88.4, 89.6) | −0.27 | 0.005 |
| Model 2 | 90.3 (89.7, 90.9) | 88.9 (88.2, 89.5) | 89.6 (89.0, 90.2) | 89.2 (88.5, 89.8) | 89.0 (88.4, 89.6) | −0.26 | 0.009 |
| Model 3 | 89.9 (89.3, 90.4) | 88.9 (88.3, 89.5) | 89.5 (88.9, 90.1) | 89.3 (88.7, 90.0) | 89.4 (88.8, 89.9) | −0.07 | 0.45 |
| Insulin, umol/lb | |||||||
| Model 1 | 5.7 (5.5, 5.9) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.3) | 4.8 (4.7, 5.0) | −0.04 | <.0001 |
| Model 2 | 5.8 (5.6, 6.0) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | 5.0 (4.8, 5.2) | 4.8 (4.6, 5.0) | −0.04 | <.0001 |
| Model 3 | 5.5 (5.4, 5.7) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.4) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.3) | 5.0 (4.9, 5.2) | −0.02 | <.0001 |
| Males | |||||||
| Glucose, mg/dl | |||||||
| Model 1 | 92.7 (91.8, 93.5) | 91.0 (90.0, 91.9) | 91.1 (90.2, 92.0) | 91.1 (90.1, 92.1) | 90.6 (89.7, 91.4) | −0.42 | 0.003 |
| Model 2 | 92.7 (91.8, 93.6) | 90.7 (89.8, 91.7) | 91.3 (90.4, 92.2) | 91.1 (90.1, 92.0) | 90.5 (89.6, 91.3) | −0.43 | 0.004 |
| Model 3 | 92.2 (91.4, 93.1) | 90.7 (89.8, 91.6) | 91.3 (90.4, 92.2) | 91.3 (90.3, 92.2) | 90.8 (89.9, 91.6) | −0.26 | 0.07 |
| Insulin, umol/lb | |||||||
| Model 1 | 6.1 (5.8, 6.4) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.6) | 5.2 (4.9, 5.5) | 4.9 (4.7, 5.2) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.2) | −0.05 | <.0001 |
| Model 2 | 6.2 (5.9, 6.5) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.7) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.6) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.2) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.1) | −0.06 | <.0001 |
| Model 3 | 5.8 (5.6, 6.1) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.6) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.5) | 5.0 (4.8, 5.3) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.3) | −0.03 | <.0001 |
| Females | |||||||
| Glucose, mg/dl | |||||||
| Model 1 | 88.4 (87.6, 89.1) | 87.5 (86.6, 88.3) | 88.3 (87.5, 89.2) | 87.6 (86.7, 88.5) | 87.7 (86.9, 88.5) | −0.13 | 0.32 |
| Model 2 | 88.3 (87.5, 89.1) | 87.2 (86.3, 88.1) | 88.1 (87.3, 89.0) | 87.5 (86.6, 88.4) | 87.7 (86.9, 88.5) | −0.10 | 0.48 |
| Model 3 | 87.8 (87.1, 88.6) | 87.3 (86.5, 88.2) | 88.0 (87.2, 88.8) | 87.6 (86.7, 88.5) | 88.1 (87.4, 88.9) | 0.09 | 0.50 |
| Insulin, umol/lb | |||||||
| Model 1 | 5.4 (5.2, 5.7) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.6) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.6) | 5.2 (4.9, 5.5) | 4.7 (4.5, 5.0) | −0.03 | 0.0002 |
| Model 2 | 5.4 (5.2, 5.7) | 5.2 (5.0, 5.5) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.6) | 5.2 (4.9, 5.4) | 4.8 (4.6, 5.0) | −0.03 | 0.0005 |
| Model 3 | 5.2 (5.0, 5.4) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.5) | 5.2 (5.0, 5.4) | 5.0 (4.8, 5.2) | −0.01 | 0.11 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval
Higher quintile represents closer conformity to the Mediterranean diet.
Values for quintiles 1 through 5 are geometric means. Betas for 1 quintile increase in the Mediterranean diet score are presented on the log scale.
The log-scale betas multiplied by 100 gives the percent change per 1 quintile increase in the Mediterranean diet score. For example, using Model 1 and the total population, each 1 quintile higher Mediterranean diet score is associated with a 4% lower insulin level. Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, study site. Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 + educational level, family income, smoking status, physical activity, total caloric intake. Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 + waist circumference
Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, study site.
Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 + educational level, family income, smoking status, physical activity, total caloric intake.
Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 + waist circumference