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Left ventricular (LV) volumes at end‐diastole (LVVd) (A) and end systole (B) increase with age, are affected by sex, and in general are not different between genotypes. Stroke volume (SV) (C) increases with age and is not affected by sex or genotype. Ejection fraction (EF) (D), a measure of systolic function, decreases slightly with age and is not affected by sex or genotype. *P < 0.05 between genotypes. n = 3–12 per group (A, B). n = 9–17 per group (C, D).
