Table 1. General characteristics and clinical parameters of healthy control subjects and type 2 diabetic patients in our cross-sectional study. Data were expressed as Mean±SD or as geometric means (95% CI). bP<0.05, cP<0.01 vs control; eP<0.05, fP<0.01 vs normoalbuminuria; iP<0.01 vs microalbuminuria.
| Control subjects | Normoalbuminuria | Type 2 diabetes Microalbuminuria | Clinical proteinuria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (M/F) | 46 (21/25) | 59 (36/23) | 68 (38/30) | 39 (22/17) |
| Age (years) | 57.41±7.95 | 57.03±10.15 | 58.16±9.75 | 59.13±9.26 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | – | 6.97±6.68 | 7.37±7.28 | 10.03±5.57e |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120±13 | 129±18b | 134±17c | 149±19cf |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79±10 | 79±8 | 82±10f | 87±11ci |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.41±2.61 | 24.71±2.83 | 25.10±3.55 | 24.68±4.43 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.27±0.25 | 8.34±2.19c | 8.23±1.90c | 8.47±2.31c |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.03±0.38 | 8.35±2.85c | 8.05±2.12c | 8.66±3.27c |
| PPG2H (mmol/L) | 5.67±1.05 | 13.14±4.00c | 13.5±4.64c | 12.87±5.38c |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.83±0.81 | 4.92±1.09 | 5.09±1.10 | 4.92±1.59 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.76±0.78 | 3.03±0.76 | 3.21±0.99 | 2.83±1.12 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.54±1.40 | 1.82±1.20 | 2.58±2.55 | 2.27±2.81 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.56±0.38 | 1.23±0.35c | 1.27±0.42c | 1.13±0.28c |
| AER (μg/min) | 5.05 (3.48–8.14) | 7.12 (4.26–10.20) | 47.35 (39.24–57.14)cf | 721.6 (518.1–1005)cfi |
| eGFR (mL·min−1/1.73 m2) | 98.15±18.48 | 102.70±21.44 | 97.27±28.89 | 62.87±30.66cfi |
| Hypertension | 0 | 32 (54.24%) | 46 (67.65%) | 39 (100%) |
| ACEI/ARB treatment in hypertensive patients | 0 | 18 (56.25%) | 25 (55%) | 21 (54%) |
| DR (non/simplex/proliferative) | – | 41/18/0 | 37/31/0 | 0/23/16 |
Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation analyses were used to determine the association between urinary VEGF and other parameters. BMI: body-mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PPG2H: 2-h postprandial plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtrate rate; AER: albumin excretion rate.