Figure 2.

Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) dose-dependently inhibits TNF-induced ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expressions in HUVEC. (A) For measurement of ICAM-1 mRNA, cells were pretreated with GA as indicated concentrations for 3 h and then stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 2 h. Total RNA was extracted and quantitated using RT-PCR. (B) For measurement of the cell-surface expression of ICAM-1 in HUVEC, cells were pretreated with GA for 3 h and costimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 8 h. Thereafter, cell-ELISA was performed. Data represent mean±SEM obtained from 3 or 5 independent experiments, respectively. ^bP<0.05; ^cP<0.01 vs TNF-α treatment only.