Figure 1.

rTEM of neutrophils. TEM of neutrophils, which is preferentially regulated by JAM-C expressed on junctional endothelia cells, occurred primarily through the paracellular route rather than the transendothelia route upon receiving inflammatory stimulation. Paracellular TEM of neutrophils can be divided into normal, hesitant and reverse TEM. Hesitant and reverse paracellular TEM were together named the disrupted polarized paracellular TEM by the authors; rTEM is the most severe form of disrupted polarized paracellular TEM. Importantly, neutrophil rTEM in which leukocytes migrate in an abluminal-to-luminal direction may contribute to the dissemination of inflammation to the second organ. JAM, junctional adhesion molecule; rTEM, reverse transendothelial migration; TEM, transendothelial migration.