Table 5.

Univariate and multivariate prediction of willingness to drink, controlling for between-subjects factors (baseline age, gender, race, ever sipped, ever full drink, extreme peer orientation)

Predictor variables	Willingness–best-friend offer		Willingness–classmate offer
	OR	[95% CI]	OR	[95% CI]
Univariate
Injunctive norms–close friend	2.98	[2.56, 3.46]	2.74	[2.34, 3.22]
Descriptive norms–close friend	7.05	[4.52, 10.99]	3.92	[2.68, 5.71]
Descriptive norms–classmate	2.48	[1.96, 3.12]	2.37	[1.82, 3.08]
Multivariate
Injunctive norms–close friend	2.46	[2.11, 2.88]	2.38	[2.02, 2.81]
Descriptive norms–close friend	2.66	[1.73, 4.08]	1.63	[1.11, 2.38]
Descriptive norms–classmate	1.66	[1.30, 2.12]	1.63	[1.23, 2.16]

Notes: N from 987 to 989 (between subjects) and N = 2,779 (within subjects). All values are significant at p < .001, with the exception of descriptive norms for close friend in the multivariate analysis (p < .05). To handle convergence problems in the multivariate models, we removed the random effects for each of the three norms variables. OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.