Table 3.

Aim 1 multilevel models

Variable	Parameter	Ambivalence		Problem recognition		Taking steps
		Unconditional growth model	Final model	Unconditional growth model	Final model	Unconditional growth model	Final model
Fixed effects
Intercept	β00	14.799***	14.386***	30.639***	30.048***	34.316***	34.721***
Linear time	β10	-1.360***	0.825**	-1.790***	-1.016**	-0.592***	-0.844***
Quadratic time	β20	0.207***	0.105	0.218**	0.067
PDA-within	β30		-2.262***		-3.466***		4.280***
aPDA-between	β01		-1.643*				8.424***
Variance components
Level 1: Within	eij	9.575	9.165	13.577	13.210	24.927	24.240
Level 2: Initial status	r0	7.731***	9.052***	14.278***	15.812***	13.230***	7.806***
Linear time
Variance	r1	3.633**	2.344*	8.150***	3.813	1.351***	1.334***
Covariance with initial status	τ10	0.357	-0.185	1.801	2.028	-0.698	-0.648
Quadratic time
Variance	r2	0.163*	0.143*	0.351***	0.203
Covariance with initial status	τ20	-0.047	0.127	-0.695	-0.550
Covariance with linear time	τ21	-0.735	-0.55	-1.514	-0.745
PDA-within	r3		6.954*		20.079

Notes: PDA = percentage of days abstinent.

^aPDA-between (p₀₁) association with initial status.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.