Pharmacological targeting of control points in the autophagic pathway. EBSS, Earle's Balanced Salt Solution; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SMER, small molecule enhancers of rapamycin; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor; HDAC6, histone deacetylase 6; 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; ATG, autophagy-specific gene.