Figure 6.

Trif^−/−/Ifng^−/−/Indo^−/− non-hematopoietic cells upregulate Th17 responses and downregulate Th1/Treg responses to Aspergillus fumigatus in hematopoietic transplantation. HSCT mice were infected i.n. with Aspergillus live conidia a week later the infusion of 1×10⁶ viable T-depleted bone marrow cells. (a, d) Fungal growth (CFU±SE), (b, e) lung histology (PAS staining) and (c, f) cytokine/Foxp3 gene expression (RT-PCR in lung and TLN, respectively) at 3 dpi. Note the unrestrained fungal growth in condition of MyD88 deficiency as well as the exaggerated inflammatory response, increased Il17a expression and decreased Ifng/Il10/Foxp3 expression in condition of TRIF, IFN-γ or IDO deficiency, particularly in recipient cells. Bars indicated magnifications. Representative of two experiments. P, KO→WT, WT→KO versus WT→WT mice. CFU, colony-forming unit; dpi, days post-infection; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IFN, interferon; i.n., intranasally; KO, knockout; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; RT-PCR, PCR with reverse transcription; Th, T helper; TLN, thoracic lymph nodes; Treg, regulatory T cell; TRIF, Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN; WT, wild-type.