Effect of ADV and ETV treatments on cytokine production in patients with positive and negative HBeAg. Cytokine production (a) and T-cell subsets from total lymphocytes (b) were assessed at the time points of treatment as indicated and analyzed according to the initial measure of HBeAg in each patient's serum. HBeAg-positive and -negative are indicated as +ve and −ve, respectively. ADV, adefovir dipivoxil; ETV, entecavir; HBeAg, hepatitis e antigen; IFN, interferon; TNF, tumor-necrosis factor.