Table 3. Comparisons of levels of oxidant biomarkers in the case-control study.

Parameters	Non-diabetics without retinopathy	All type 2 diabetics	T2DM without DR	T2DM with DR	P
Lipid peroxidation
8-isoprostane (ng/mL)	39.9±18.6	81.9±43.8	73.9±48.6	92.1±34.7	<0.0001
TBARS (mmol/L)	4.4±1.4	8.9±4.2	9.1±5.2	8.7±2.5	<0.0001
OxLDL (U/L)	53.8±14.8	61.8±22.2	60.2±19.5	63.9±25.3	0.044
DNA oxidation
8-OHdG (mg/mL)	31.4±15.2	62.1±25.2	54.5±25.3	71.7±21.6	<0.0001
Catabolism of GSH
GGT (UI/L)	10.6±6.4	36.7±50.2	33.8±47.2	40.3±53.9	<0.0001

x±s, n (%)