Table 3. Synopsis of recent findings from the study of innate immunity changes in PBC.

	Peculiarity
Monocytes	Increase in absolute number
	Increase in proinflammatory cytokines upon infectious challenge
Elevated IgM	B cell response to bacterial stimuli
NKT cells	Increased NKT cells in PBC peripheral blood and liver
	Increased NKT cytotoxic activity
Liver histology	Focal duct obliteration with granuloma formation

IgM, immunoglobulin M; NKT, natural killer T; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis.