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Field emission scanning electron micrographs of upper surfaces (A and C) and cross-sections (B and D) of PVA/Cs/CNC 1.0 wt% and PVA/Cs/CNC/ZnO-Ag 5.0 wt% bionanocomposites, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (E) of PVA/Cs/CNC/ZnO-Ag bionanocomposite.
Abbreviations: CNC, cellulose nanocrystals; ZnO, zinc oxide; PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol); Cs, chitosan.
