Table 5.
Results of multi-level regression analysis: services awareness and reported service availability in rural and urban communities.
| Are you aware of any services for people with HIV in this community? |
Any prevention services available |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural |
Urban |
Rural |
Urban |
|||||
| aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| CBOs per 100,000 | 1.44 | (1.35–1.54) | 1.19 | (1.12–1.25) | 1.48 | (1.40–1.57) | 1.26 | (1.21–1.33) |
| Gender | 0.61 | (0.49–0.76) | 0.8 | (0.66–0.96) | 0.64 | (0.51–0.80) | 0.91 | (0.77–1.08) |
| Age | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 1.02 | (1.00–1.03) | 1.00 | (1.00–1.02) | 1.01 | (1.00–1.02) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Secondary | 1.06 | (0.84–1.32) | 1.27 | (1.01–1.61) | 0.96 | (0.76–1.22) | 1.3 | (1.04–1.62) |
| College/university | 1.44 | (0.95–1.49) | 1.68 | (1.31–2.17) | 1.55 | (1.14–2.10) | 1.8 | (1.42–2.27) |
| Employed | 1.19 | (1.18–2.08) | 0.95 | (0.76–1.18) | 1.14 | (0.89–1.46) | 0.88 | (0.72–1.07) |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 1.57 | (1.18–2.08) | 0.95 | (0.75–1.20) | 1.14 | (0.86–1.51) | 0.82 | (0.66–1.02) |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 1.07 | (0.62–1.86) | 0.6 | (0.39–0.94) | 0.98 | (0.56–1.74) | 0.37 | (0.23–0.57) |
| Household wealth index | 1.56 | (1.42–1.71) | 0.44 | (0.35–0.56) | 1.61 | (1.45–1.78) | 0.44 | (0.37–0.54) |
| HIV prevalence | 1.07 | (1.04–1.09) | 0.99 | (0.98–1.01) | 1.06 | (1.04–1.09) | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) |
| Exposure to mass media | 1.15 | (0.89–1.49) | 1.04 | (0.82–1.32) | 0.93 | (0.70–1.22) | 1.05 | (0.84–1.31) |
| Community assignment | 0.30 | (0.23–0.38) | 1.2 | (0.98–1.39) | 0.22 | (0.17–0.29) | 1.39 | (1.18–1.64) |
| N | 2226 | 2944 | 2226 | 2944 | ||||
| Any treatment services available? | Any care and support services available | |||||||
| CBOs per 100,000 | 1.31 | (1.24–1.38) | 1.16 | (1.10–1.22) | 1.18 | (1.12–1.24) | 1.21 | (1.14–1.26) |
| Gender | 0.63 | (0.51–0.78) | 0.67 | (0.56–0.80) | 0.56 | (0.45–0.69) | 0.67 | (0.56–0.79) |
| Age | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 | (1.00–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.02) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.01) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Secondary | 1.08 | (0.86–1.34) | 1.16 | (0.93–1.45) | 0.89 | (0.71–1.13) | 1.03 | (0.82–1.27) |
| College/university | 1.54 | (1.15–2.08) | 1.64 | (1.13–2.08) | 1.19 | (0.87–1.62) | 1.52 | (1.21–1.91) |
| Employed | 1.17 | (0.93–1.47) | 0.88 | (0.71–1.08) | 1.11 | (0.87–1.42) | 0.79 | (0.65–0.97) |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 1.52 | (1.16–2.00) | 1.03 | (0.82–1.28) | 1.55 | (1.16–2.07) | 1.13 | (0.91–1.40) |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 0.82 | (0.47–1.41) | 0.73 | (0.47–1.12) | 0.61 | (0.33–1.14) | 0.71 | (0.47–1.08) |
| Household wealth index | 1.48 | (1.34–1.62) | 0.59 | (0.49–0.72) | 1.54 | (1.40–1.70) | 0.63 | (0.53–0.76) |
| HIV prevalence | 1.04 | (1.02–1.07) | 1.00 | (0.99–1.02) | 1.07 | (1.04–1.09) | 0.98 | (0.97–0.99) |
| Exposure to mass media | 1.15 | (0.89–1.48) | 1.02 | (0.81–1.13) | 1.02 | (0.78–1.33) | 1.08 | (0.86–1.35) |
| Community assignment | 0.61 | (0.49–0.77) | 1.07 | (0.90–1.26) | 0.28 | (0.21–0.89) | 1.01 | (0.85–1.20) |
| N | 2226 | 2944 | 2226 | 2944 | ||||
Notes: All coefficients significant at the 95% level are in bold font. The estimated conditional models were specified as follows:
DVij = γ00+ß11 Ageij + ß12 Genderij + ß13 Marital statusij + ß14 Empolyment statusij+ ß15Exposure to media + ß16 Househod wealth indexj + γ01CBO densityj + γ02 Pair-wise assignmentj + γ03 HIV prevalencej + u0j + rij
where DVij is the dependent variable from ith individual in the jth community; γ00 is the non-random intercept term; ßij is the coffecient for the ith individual-level variable from jth community; γ0j is the coefficient for the jth community-level variable; u0j is the community-level residual; and rij is the individual-level residual.