[Table/Fig-1]:

Table of Events

Sr. No	Year	Author	Events
1.	1957	Nidiffer and Shipman	Wrote about hollow obturator for acquired defects.
2.	1958	Alex Fox	Discussed a technique of preparing an obturator which places the ‘bulb’ in the pharynx.
3.	1958	Gibbons and Bloomer	Speech aid prosthesis
4.	1959	Ali Aram	Studied the normal velopharyngeal function.
5.	1974	Buckner	Reported that the degree of velar movement from rest to closure was found to increase with increment in age.
6.	1976	Victor	Described a technique for fabricating a denture with hollow obturator bulb and a soft acrylic lining by investing, packing and curing in one sequence.
7.	1978	Schneider	Described a simple procedure for the fabrication of a hollow obturator using granulated sugar in the mould space of the obturator cavity.
8.	1987	Yuuji sato	Described a technique for the fabrication of hollow obturator, where the obturator cavity is filled with crushed ice.
9.	1990	Walter	The presence of the obturator has marked effect on the pattern of pharnygeal activity. Obturators should be molded to speech function and not swallowing.
10.	1990	Jacob and King	Described a definitive framework design for the maxillofacial patient with complete maxillary dentition and soft palate resection which require the use of direct and indirect retainers.
11.	1995	Gardner	Described a double swing lock design for class III (Aramany) defect.
12.	2000	Arie Shifman, Yehuda Finkelstein, Ariela Nachmani, Dov Ophir	Suggested the use of nasopharyngeal obturation by speech aid prostheses, in conjunction with speech-language therapy, was useful for the correction of velopharyngeal incompetence.
13.	2004	Jeffrey L. Marsh.	Suggested an approach of differential management based on differential diagnosis by which velopharnygeal dysfunction can be effectively treated in most patients.
14.	2005	Gregory	Described a obturator frame work design for class III (Aramany) defect. He suggested the use of bilateral anterior and posterior direct retainers with occlusal rests.
15.	2009	Yuko Ogata	concluded in their study that palatal lift prosthesis should be considered as the first step in treating persistent velopharyngeal incompetence.
16.	2010	S.H. Tuma, G. Pekkam, H.O. Gumus, A. Aktas	Described treatment of patients with velopharyngeal insuffiency and different oral conditions with different retention mechanism.
17.	2009	Hema Raju, T.t. Padmanabhan, Arvind Narayan.	Suggested the use of palatal lift prosthesis for a minimum duration of 3 months after pharyngeal flap surgery improves the speech intelligibility