Table 3.
Risk factors associated with depressive symptoms (DRS 3+) comparison of multiple imputation analyses models
| Independent variable | Model with CHESS b (n = 5144) Pooled odds ratio (Pooled 95% confidence limit) | Model with Prognosis (n = 5144) Pooled odds ratios (Pooled 95% confidence limit) | Model with CHESS b and prognostic awareness (n = 2547) Pooled odds ratios (Pooled 95% confidence limit) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Life satisfaction
a
|
|
|
|
| Low |
3.01 (2.37-3.82) |
2.58 (1.95-3.42) |
3.62 (2.70-4.85) |
| High |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
CHESS
b
or Prognosis |
|
|
|
| - Imminent (days) |
- |
1.97 (1.32-2.94) |
- |
| 2+ - < 6 weeks |
2.122 (1.42-3.18) |
1.47 (1.13-1.91) |
1.71 (1.05-2.80)g |
| 0-1 -6 + weeks, < 6mths |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Sleep disorders
c
|
|
|
|
| Severe |
2.56 (2.05-3.19) |
2.67 (2.03-3.52) |
2.56 (1.93-3.39) |
| Moderate |
1.56 (2.06-1.18) |
1.82 (1.31-2.53) |
1.35 (0.94-1.96) |
| Minimal |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Pain scale |
|
|
|
| 2+ |
1.73 (1.35-2.22) |
1.69 (1.25-2.28) |
2.09 (1.52-2.87) |
| 0-1 |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Signs of caregiver distress |
|
|
|
| Yes |
2.01 (1.62-2.51) |
1.71 (1.29-2.26) |
1.41 (1.08-1.85) |
| No |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1.37 (1.11-1.68) |
1.47 (1.14-1.90) |
1.41 (1.09-1.81) |
| Male |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Cognitive impairment |
|
|
|
| CPSd 2+ |
1.45 (1.13-1.87) |
1.71 (1.12-2.62) |
1.39 (1.04-1.85) |
| 0-1 |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
|
Gastrointestinal symptoms |
|
|
|
| Moderate-Severe |
1.27 (1.03-1.55) |
1.37 (1.06-1.76) |
N/Se |
| Minimal |
Reference |
Reference |
|
|
# Co-morbidities |
|
|
|
| 5+ |
N/Se |
1.79 (1.24-2.59) |
N/Se |
| 3-4 |
|
1.17 (0.90-1.51) |
|
| 0-2 |
|
Reference |
|
|
Supportive family |
|
|
|
| No strong family support |
N/Se |
N/Se |
1.99 (1.20-3.30) |
| Strong family support |
|
|
Reference |
|
Goodness of fit |
|
|
|
| C statistic (ROC curve) |
0.77 (0.75-0.77)f |
0.75 (0.74-0.76)f |
0.76 (0.75-0.76)f |
| Hosmer & Lemeshow -χ2 |
5.27(1.5-14.1)f |
7.89 (2.2-16.9)f |
9.25 (3.0-16.9)f |
| -p |
0.73 (0.08-0.99)f |
0.49 (0.03-0.98)f |
0.37 (0.03-0.93)f |
| -df | 8 (8-8)f | 8 (8-8)f | 8 (8-8)f |
a“High” life satisfaction indicates that the patient has all 5 of the following conditions present: a sense of completion, a sense of progress towards completion, acceptance of the situation, inner strengths that can be encouraged/nurtured AND a positive outlook. “Low” life satisfaction” indicates that one or more of the 5 conditions are absent in the patient.
bCHESS = Changes in Health and End-Stage Disease Signs and Symptoms.
c“Sleep disorders” is a composite (summative) measure based on two items: too little sleep (5 severity levels ranging from 0 to 4) and too much sleep (5 severity levels ranging from 0 to 4). “Severe” sleep disorders represent scores of 4+, “moderate” are scores of 2 or 3, and “minimal” are scores of 0 or 1.
dCPS = Cognitive Performance Scale.
eN/S = Not significant at alpha = 0.05 level.
fMean (Minimum-Maximum).
gAssumes a CHESS cutoff of 3+ versus <3 (to improve discriminatory power in this smaller sample focused on patients with prognosis < 6 months).