TABLE I.
Examples of Attributable Fractions
| Attributable fraction | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nurminen and Karjalainen(9) |
Rushton et al.(15) |
Steenland et al.(14) |
Driscoll et al.(13)A |
Morrel et al.21,B |
Leigh et al.(22)C |
||||||||
| Causes | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Communicable diseases | 4.8 | 32.5 | |||||||||||
| Tuberculosis | 0.6 | 75 | 5–6 | ||||||||||
| Malignant neoplasms | 13.8 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 1.5 | 3.3–7.3 | 0.8–1.0 | 6–10 | ||||||
| Bladder | 14.2 | 0.7 | 11.6 | 2.0 | 7–19 | 3–19 | 10 | 5 | |||||
| Kidney | 4.7 | 0.8 | 0–2.3 | 1 | 0.5 | ||||||||
| Larynx | 9.3 | 0.5 | 1.0–20.0 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| Leukemia | 18.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.8–2.8 | 2(b) | 2(b) | 10 | 5 | ||||
| Liver | 3.5 | 5.3 | 0.4–1.1 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
| Lung | 29.0 | 5.3 | 21.6 | 5.5 | 8.0–19.2 | 2 | 10(b) | 5(b) | 15 | 5 | |||
| Mesothelioma | 90.0 | 25.0 | 98.0 | 90.0 | 85–90 | 23–90 | |||||||
| Non-melanoma skin cancer | 13.1 | 3.8 | 11.8 | 3.0 | 1.2–6.0 | 10 | 2 | ||||||
| Sinonasal | 24.0 | 6.7 | 64.3 | 18.4 | 33.0–46.0 | 30.0–42.0 | 25 | 5 | |||||
| Respiratory diseases | 6.8 | 1.1 | 10c | ||||||||||
| Asthma | 17.8 | 18.4 | 11–12 | 21(c) | 13(c) | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| COPD | 14.0 | 3.8 | 5–24 | 18(c) | 6(c) | ||||||||
| Pneumoconioses | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||
| Circulatory diseases | 14.4 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5–10 | |||||||
| Neuropsychiatric conditions | 6.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1–3 | ||||||||
| Digestive diseases | 2.3 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
| Genitourinary system | 3.0 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1–3 | ||||||||
Note: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A
Attributable fractions have been taken from two papers of Driscoll et al.
B
Covers only deaths due to occupational exposure to hazardous substances
C
Pneumoconiosis is not included in the figure of Leigh at al.