a, Symmetric vesicles were assembled with DOPC (1), loaded with fluorescein/10-kDa dextran size exclusion markers, perfused with purified hemolysin and intravesicular fluorescence monitored for multiple vesicles (n=7). Time-dependent loss of fluorescein fluorescence (green) and invariance in dextran fluorescence (blue) signified selective membrane permeabilization toward fluorescein, confirming that the product membrane is unilamellar and that the membrane protein is functionally reconstituted. b, Vesicles loaded with DNA encoding the hemolysin gene, RNA transcription components, protein translation components, and fluorescein/10-kDa dextran size exclusion markers were incubated to allow in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) of hemolysin monomers, membrane incorporation of monomers, pore complex assembly and function. Pore function was followed as in a.