(A) PET and optical images
of aqueous suspensions of QDs (nonradioactive), free 64CuCl2, mixture of 64CuCl2 and QDs,
and 64Cu-doped QDs with the same amount of 64Cu radioactivity. (B) Comparison of the total photon flux extracted
from the phantom images in (A). QDs without excitation light and 64Cu presence had virtually no photoluminescence. The total
photon flux recorded from the IVIS system without emission filter
followed the order of 64Cu-doped QDs > 64Cu mixed with QDs > 64Cu. (C–E) Photon flux
obtained from 64Cu, mixture of 64Cu and QDs, 64Cu-doped QDs as well as QDs with QD526 (C), QD580 (D), and
QD636 (E) under different emission filters versus the filter wavelengths.
Increased photon flux at the emission wavelength of the QDs reflects
effective Cerenkov resonance energy transfer (CRET).