| Magnetic nanoparticles |
Cellular internalization, signature size-based characteristic magnetic curves, potential natural production, easy scale-up |
(71−75, 77−81) |
| Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes |
Increased internal and external surface area, cell-nanotube and fluid-nanotube interactions, conductivity |
(84−87) |
| Nanopillars, nanowires, nanofibers |
Interactions with extracellular features, increased surface area, potential thermosensitivity |
(90−99) |
| Nanoroughened surfaces |
Interactions with extracellular features, increased surface area, potential for antigen independent capture |
(101−106) |
| Graphene oxide |
Interactions with extracellular features, increased surface area, conductivity, 2-dimensional |
(121−124) |
