Table 1.
Characteristics of cases and subcohort members in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), 1986 - 2003
| |
Subcohort |
Head-neck cancer cases |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
Overall |
Subtypes |
||
| |
|
|
OCC
a
|
OHPC
a
|
LC
a
|
| Exposure variables and potential confounders | ( N = 4288) b | ( N = 395) b | (N = 110)b | (N = 83)b | (N = 199)b |
| Age at baseline (years) |
61.3 (4.2)c |
61.8 (4.1) |
61.8 (4.3) |
61.5 (4.2) |
61.8 (4.0) |
| Sex: men (%) |
49.2 |
79.5 |
59.1 |
73.5 |
94.0 |
| Abstainer from alcohol (%) |
23.9 |
12.4 |
10.9 |
13.3 |
13.1 |
| Men (%) |
14.8 |
9.2 |
4.6 |
9.8 |
10.7 |
| Women (%) |
32.6 |
24.7 |
20.0 |
22.7d |
50.0e |
| Alcohol consumers: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ethanol intake (grams/day) |
13.4 (15.0) |
27.3 (25.6) |
28.7 (25.4) |
35.0 (31.6) |
23.2 (22.1) |
| Men |
17.5 |
29.1 |
34.3 |
40.2 |
23.5 |
| Women |
8.5 |
18.6 |
19.1 |
18.0 |
14.7 |
| Beer intake (glasses/week) |
2.2 (5.8) |
6.3 (12.5) |
4.4 (10.2) |
10.3 (18.3) |
5.8 (10.4) |
| Men |
3.7 |
6.9 |
6.1 |
11.1 |
5.8 |
| Women |
0.3 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
7.9 |
4.5 |
| Wine intake (glasses/week) |
3.7 (5.6) |
4.4 (9.1) |
5.5 (8.1) |
6.0 (11.5) |
3.1 (8.4) |
| Men |
3.1 |
4.0 |
4.2 |
6.7 |
3.1 |
| Women |
4.4 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
| Liquor intake (glasses/week) |
2.9 (5.7) |
7.3 (10.0) |
8.4 (11.2) |
7.7 (11.7) |
6.4 (8.3) |
| Men |
4.6 |
8.2 |
11.5 |
9.4 |
6.6 |
| Women |
0.9 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
| Cigarette smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never smokers (%) |
36.9 |
11.1 |
26.4 |
7.2 |
4.5 |
| Former smokers (%) |
35.5 |
27.9 |
21.8 |
26.5 |
32.2 |
| Current smokers (%) |
27.6 |
61.0 |
51.8 |
66.3 |
63.3 |
| Men |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never smokers (%) |
13.8 |
6.7 |
16.9 |
4.9 |
3.7 |
| Former smokers (%) |
51.4 |
31.5 |
27.7 |
29.5 |
33.7 |
| Current smokers (%) |
34.8 |
61.8 |
55.4 |
65.6 |
62.6 |
| Women |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never smokers (%) |
59.4 |
28.4 |
40.0 |
13.6d |
16.7e |
| Former smokers (%) |
20.0 |
13.6 |
13.3 |
18.2 |
8.3 |
| Current smokers (%) |
20.6 |
58.0 |
46.7 |
68.2 |
75.0 |
| Ever cigarette smokers: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Frequency of cigarette smoking (N/day) |
15.3 (10.2) |
19.5 (10.9) |
19.9 (11.9) |
21.4 (12.7) |
18.6 (9.6) |
| Men |
17.1 |
19.9 |
21.6 |
22.9 |
18.4 |
| Women |
11.6 |
17.4 |
16.5 |
16.7 |
22 |
| Duration of cigarette smoking (years) |
31.7 (12.1) |
39.1 (9.5) |
37.8 (9.2) |
38.5 (9.8) |
39.9 (9.4) |
| Men |
33.6 |
39.8 |
38.9 |
39.8 |
40.0 |
| Women |
27.8 |
35.8 |
35.4 |
34.5 |
38.2 |
| Pack-years of cigarette smoking (N) |
22.8 (17.7) |
34.4 (20.9) |
34.5 (23.5) |
37.0 (23.2) |
33.5 (18.9) |
| Men |
26.2 |
35.7 |
38.5 |
40.5 |
33.2 |
| Women |
16.0 |
28.3 |
26.4 |
26.3 |
38.5 |
| Level of education (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Primary |
29.5 |
27.6 |
20.9 |
25.6 |
31.5 |
| Lower vocational |
22.0 |
18.9 |
17.3 |
17.1 |
20.8 |
| Secondary and medium vocational |
34.8 |
35.7 |
41.8 |
36.6 |
32.5 |
| University and higher vocational | 13.8 | 17.9 | 20.0 | 20.7 | 15.2 |
aOCC: oral cavity cancer; OHPC: oro-/hypopharyngeal cancer; LC: laryngeal cancer.
bThe number of subcohort members or cases used in age- and sex-adjusted, multivariate analyses of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
cValues are given as mean (SD); for categorical variables, N (%) is presented.
dBased on only 22 female OHPC cases.
eBased on only 12 female LC cases.