Table 4.
Baseline obesogenic and other family characteristics, overall and by treatment arm.
| Total | Healthy Eating/Physical Activity | Safety | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 421 | 212 | 209 | |
| Diet-Related Factors | ||||
| NDSRa- Dietary Intake | ||||
| Energy intake in kcal, M(SD) | 1767 (564) | 1784 (536) | 1750 (593) | 0.54 |
| Percent energy from fat, M(Sd) | 29.9 (6.9) | 30.5 (6.7) | 29.3 (7.1) | 0.06 |
| Servings of fruit, M(SD) | 1.5 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.6) | 1.6 (2.0) | 0.60 |
| Servings of vegetables, M(SD) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.4) | 0.25 |
| Ate breakfast every day/week, n(%) | 359 (85.3) | 185 (87.3) | 174 (83.3) | 0.25 |
| Media use and eating behaviors | ||||
| Breakfast while watching TV 1+day/week, n(%) | 218 (52.0) | 109 (51.4) | 109 (52.7) | 0.80 |
| Dinner while watching TV 1+day/week, n(%) | 205 (48.9) | 104 (49.1) | 101 (48.8) | 0.96 |
| Snack while watching TV 1+day/week, n(%) | 308 (73.5) | 156 (73.6) | 152 (73.4) | 0.97 |
| Household food availability | ||||
| Count of fruits, M(SD) | 5.6 (1.9) | 5.8 (1.8) | 5.5 (2.0) | 0.21 |
| Count of vegetables, M(SD) | 8.0 (2.6) | 8.0 (2.5) | 8.0 (2.8) | 0.85 |
| Count of salty snacks, M(SD) | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.4) | 0.43 |
| Count of sweets, M(SD) | 5.4 (2.6) | 5.4 (2.7) | 5.4 (2.5) | 0.93 |
| Count of sweetened beverages, M(SD) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.2) | 0.10 |
| Restaurant behavior | ||||
| Eat at fast-food restaurant 1+times/week, n(%) | 278 (66.4) | 141 (66.5) | 137 (66.2) | 0.94 |
| Eat at fast casual food restaurant 1+times/week, n(%) | 91 (22.0) | 48 (22.6) | 43 (21.3) | 0.74 |
| Eat at sit-down restaurant 1+times/week, n(%) | 168 (40.1) | 85 (40.1) | 83 (40.1) | 0.99 |
| Parent self-efficacy for child healthy eating, M(SD) | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.5) | 0.64 |
| CFSQ b -Parent feeding styles | ||||
| Use food as reward, n(%) | 332 (79.2) | 161 (76.3) | 171 (82.2) | 0.14 |
| Promise child non-food item, n(%) | 274 (65.4) | 132 (62.6) | 142 (68.3) | 0.22 |
| Warn take away non-food item, n(%) | 246 (58.7) | 124 (58.8) | 122 (58.7) | 0.98 |
| CFQ c-Child feeding practices | ||||
| Perceived feeding responsibility, M(SD) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.6) | 4.1 (0.7) | 0.68 |
| Monitoring, M(SD) | 3.7 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.99 |
| Restriction, M(SD) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.8) | 0.78 |
| Pressure to eat, M(SD) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) | 0.72 |
| CEBQ d-Child eating behavior | ||||
| Satiety responsiveness/slowness in eating, M(SD) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.5) | 0.85 |
| Satiety responsiveness, M(SD) | 2.9 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.6) | 0.98 |
| Slowness in eating, M(SD) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | 0.67 |
| Food responsiveness, M(SD) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.7) | 0.89 |
| Enjoyment of food, M(SD) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.7) | 0.61 |
| Emotional overeating, M(SD) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.49 |
| Physical Activity-Related Factors | ||||
| Accelerometry-Child MVPAe in minutes/day, M(SD) | 53.6 (30.9) | 53.9 (30.8) | 53.3 (31.2) | 0.85 |
| AAf-Parent MVPAe in minutes/day, M(SD) | 44.5 (35.5) | 47.9 (38.7) | 40.9 (31.4) | 0.07 |
| Parent physically active with child 3+/week, n(%) | 231 (55.5) | 121 (57.6) | 110 (53.4) | 0.39 |
| Count of active play equipment available, M(SD) | 19.3 (6.0) | 19.4 (5.9) | 19.1 (6.1) | 0.53 |
| Parental support for physical activity, M(SD) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.9) | 0.85 |
| Parental importance of physical activity, M(SD) | 4.8 (0.9) | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.9) | 0.59 |
| Parental enjoyment of physical activity, M(SD) | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.9) | 0.58 |
| Parent self-efficacy for child physical activity, M(SD) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | 0.41 |
| Media-Related Factors | ||||
| Media use | ||||
| TV ≤ 2 hrs, n(%) | 243 (58.1) | 126 (59.4) | 117 (56.8) | 0.58 |
| Other media ≤ 2 hrs, n(%) | 375 (89.7) | 188 (88.7) | 187 (90.8) | 0.48 |
| Media availability | ||||
| TV in child's bedroom, n(%) | 90 (21.5) | 44 (20.8) | 46 (22.3) | 0.70 |
| Computer in child's bedroom, n(%) | 19 (4.6) | 6 (2.8) | 13 (6.3) | 0.09 |
| Video game console in child's bedroom, n(%) | 31 (7.4) | 14 (6.6) | 17 (8.3) | 0.52 |
| Parent self-efficacy in limiting child TV time, M(SD) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.99 |
| Parent self-efficacy in removing TV from child's bedroom, M(SD) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 0.50 |
| Family rules about TV time, n(%) | 330 (79.1) | 171 (81.0) | 159 (77.2) | 0.33 |
| Family rules about other media time, n(%) | 336 (82.0) | 173 (83.6) | 163 (80.3) | 0.39 |
| Other Family Factors | ||||
| CFQ c-Parent perceptions of weight | ||||
| Parent perceived own weight, M(SD) | 3.2 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.4) | 0.07 |
| Parent perceived child weight, M(SD) | 3.0 (0.3) | 3.0 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.3) | 0.25 |
| Parent concerns re child weight, M(SD) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.2) | 0.76 |
| Parent currently trying to lose weight, n(%) | 251 (60.5) | 137 (65.2) | 114 (55.6) | 0.04 |
| EI g-Parent emotional eating | ||||
| Disinhibition, M(SD) | 6.1 (3.8) | 6.2 (3.8) | 6.0 (3.7) | 0.53 |
| PSDQ32 h-General parenting style | ||||
| Authoritative, M(SD) | 4.0 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.4) | 0.64 |
| Authoritarian, M(SD) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 0.71 |
| Permissive, M(SD) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.5) | 0.73 |
| CSHQ i-Child sleep behavior | ||||
| Sleep duration, M(SD) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.50 |
| Night wakings, M(SD) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.68 |
| PedsQLTM4.0 SF15 j -Child quality of life | ||||
| Physical health, M(SD) | 92.3 (15.3) | 92.1 (16.2) | 92.6 (14.2) | 0.75 |
| Psychosocial health, M(SD) | 78.7 (14.4) | 77.5 (14.3) | 79.8 (14.5) | 0.11 |
| Total score, M(SD) | 83.2 (12.6) | 82.4 (12.9) | 84.1 (12.4) | 0.18 |
| PHQ9 k-Parent depression status, M(SD) | 2.8 (3.2) | 2.9 (3.4) | 2.6 (3.0) | 0.42 |
| Child abdominal pain 2+/month, n(%) | 103 (24.5) | 56 (26.4) | 47 (22.5) | 0.35 |
a
Nutrition Diet System for Research
b
Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire
c
Child Feeding Questionnaire
d
Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire
e
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
f
Active Australia
g
Three-Factor Eating Inventory
h
Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire- Short Form
i
Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire
j
Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM Version 4.0 Short Form, Parent Report for Young Children (ages 5-7)
k
Patient Health Questionnaire