Table 2.

Multivariate Analysis for the Risk Factors of Astigmatism (N=4037^*)

Risk Factors	n	Astigmatism (%§)	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P-value
Race/Ethnicity				<0.0001
Non-Hispanic White	484	55 (11.4%)	1.00
African American	2071	361 (17.4%)	1.65 (1.22, 2.24)	0.001
Hispanic	810	180 (22.2%)	2.25 (1.62, 3.12)	<0.0001
Asian	148	27 (18.2%)	1.76 (1.06, 2.93)	0.03
American Indian	343	27 (7.9%)	0.69 (0.43, 1.12)	0.14
Other/Unknown	181	36 (19.9%)	2.06 (1.30, 3.27)	0.002
Spherical equivalent (right eye)				<0.0001
≤ −1.0 D	102	46 (45.1%)	4.50 (3.00, 6.76)	<0.0001
> −1.0 D, <2.0 D	2879	423 (14.7%)	1.00
≥ 2.0 D	1056	217 (20.6%)	1.55 (1.29, 1.86)	<0.0001

^*Three children with missing data in spherical equivalent were excluded.

^§The percentage did not represent the prevalence of astigmatism, because children with vision disorders were over-represented in the study.