Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the signaling pathways associated with Snail-induced EMT.

An integrated and complex signaling network, including RTKs, TGF-β, Notch, Wnt, TNF-α, and BMPs signaling pathways, activate the transcription factor Snail, resulting in the induction of EMT. The expression of Snail causes a metabolic reprogramming, confers tumor cells with stem cell-like traits, resistance to immunosuppression, and promotes tumor recurrence and metastasis.