Table 3.
Summary of LysM-based antigen display on nongenetically modified Gram-positive carriers for vaccine purposes
| Carrier | Vaccine target | Antigen | Number of LysM sequences, N- or C-terminal fusiona | Model | Readout | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. lactis | Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) | VP1 | C-1 | Mice (oral) | Serum Ab response | Raha et al. (2005), Varma et al. (2013) |
| L. acidophilus | Chicken anemia virus | VP1 | C-1 or C-2 | Chickens (oral) | Serum Ab response; virus neutralization; Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ); splenocyte proliferation | Moeini et al. (2011) |
| L. lactis BLPs | Plasmodium falciparum | MSA2 | C-3 | Rabbit (i.n., oral) | Serum IgG response; mucosal IgA response | Ramasamy et al. (2006) |
| VAR2CSA | C-2 | Mouse (i.m.) | In progress | Expres2ion, Salati, and Mucosis, Eurostars project, unpublished | ||
| L. lactis BLPs | Plasmodium berghei | CSP | C-3 | Mouse (i.m.) | Serum IgG response; IFN-γ-producing splenocytes; protection against challenge with P. berghei infected mosquitoes | Nganou-Makamdop et al. (2012) |
| L. lactis BLPs | Streptococcus pneumoniae | PpmA, SlrA, Iga1p | C-3 | Mouse (i.n.) | Serum IgG response; protection against pulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae D39 | Audouy et al. (2006, 2007) |
| PdBD, PspA, CbpA, PsaA | C-3 | Mouse (i.n.) | Serum IgG response; protection against pulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae TIGR4 | Hermans, van Selm, Audouy, and Mucosis, unpublished | ||
| L. lactis BLPs | Staphylococcus aureus | LytM, Nuc, IsaA, IsdB | C-3 | Mouse (s.c.) | Serum IgG response | van den Berg et al. (2011) |
| L. lactis BLPs | Yersinia pestis | LcrV | C-3 | Mouse (i.n.) | Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA response; mucosal IgA; IgG and IgA Ab-secreting cell analysis; cytokine analysis; T cell proliferation; protection against i.v. challenge with Y. pestis | Ramirez et al. (2010) |
| L. lactis BLPs | Shigella flexneri | IpaB, IpaD | C-3 | Mouse (i.n.) | Serum IgG response; mucosal IgA response; protection against pulmonary challenge with S. flexneri and S. sonnei | Pasetti, Picking, and Mucosis, unpublished |
| L. lactis BLPs | Influenza | HA | C-1 | Mouse (i.n., i.m.) | Serum IgG response; serum HI titers; mucosal IgA response; protection against pulmonary challenge with H1N1 A/California/7/2009 | De Haan, Rigter, Widjaja, Rottier, and Mucosis, unpublished |
| M2e | C-3 | Mouse (i.n.) | Serum IgG; protection against pulmonary challenge with H3N2 X47 | Saelens and Leenhouts, unpublished | ||
| NP | C-2 | Mouse (i.n.) | Serum IgG; mucosal IgA; IFN-γ-producing splenocytes | Mucosis, unpublished | ||
| NA | N-1 | In vitro | Neuraminidase activity | De Haan, Rigter, Widjaja, Rottier, and Mucosis, unpublished | ||
| L. lactis BLPs | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | F | C-1 | Mouse (i.n.), cotton rat (i.n.) | Serum IgG; mucosal IgA; virus neutralization; viral lung titers after pulmonary challenge with RSV long | Rigter et al. (2013) |
aNumber and location of the LysM sequences in the fusion protein