Age × Race interactions for temporal summation calculated as the difference in pain ratings between the maximum rated pulse and first pulse. At the forearm, Older NHB (M = 29.6, SD = 23.9) experienced greater temporal summation than the other groups, whereas there was no difference between middle-aged NHB (M = 15.6, SD = 18.5), middle-aged NHW (M = 11.9, SD = 18.7), and older NHW (M = 11.5, SD = 14.5). At the knee, older NHB (M = 24.5, SD = 19.9) experienced greater temporal summation than the other 3 groups. In addition, older NHW (M = 6.5, SD = 8.7) experienced less temporal summation at the knee that the middle-aged NHB (M = 12.0, SD = 15.9) and middle-aged NHW (M = 11.7, SD = 19.3) groups.