Table 2. Effect of captive rearing on song structure in Hylophylax naevioides, where song is defined by PC1, PC2 and PC3 (mean ± SD).

Variable	Captive-reared	Wild song	X2 *	P
PC1	−0.19±2.57	0.03±3.25	0.01	0.93
PC2	−1.03±1.60	0.16±2.44	1.14	0.29
PC3	−0.59±0.85	0.09±1.04	2.28	0.13

*Statistics derive from a Kruskal Wallis test; N₁ = 5 captive-reared birds, N₂ = 32 wild birds (sexes pooled).